The role of variety in zonal technology of common bean (Рhaseolus vulgaris l.) cultivation

Abstract

The article defines the principles of selection of common bean varieties for a particular region of cultivation, which further improves the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the crop. In addition, the factors that influence the choice of common bean varieties are evaluated. It is indicated what aspects should be taken into account when choosing a bean variety in different regions of its cultivation. The article evaluates and compares the cultivation of different varieties of beans of foreign and domestic selection and their cultivation in the world and Ukraine. Today, beans are considered to be one of the most valuable food crops among all representatives of legumes in the world. Its importance and place in the national economy is determined by its high taste and nutritional quality. Bean products help to meet the human need for vegetable proteins and diversify the human diet, which is why beans are in great demand among the world’s population. Beans are especially important for countries whose population suffers from protein deficiency. In Ukraine, beans have a wide range of uses. A complete and healthy human diet includes not only beans, but also green pods, which are also a very valuable food product and contain almost all the substances necessary for a healthy and nutritious diet. The nutritional value of bean seeds is determined by their protein content, which ranges from 20 to 26%, and they also contain 41–56% carbohydrates, starch, 0.4–3.5% fat, 2.2–6.6% potassium, phosphorus, calcium and iron salts, and fibre. Bean protein has an amino acid composition close to that of milk or meat and is 75–85% digestible by the human body. Bean seeds contain almost the entire composition of essential amino acids. The ability to enrich the soil with biological nitrogen (up to 120 kg/ha) and the positive phytosanitary impact of beans on the soil make them an excellent precursor for many crops in crop rotation. Beans have long been a traditional crop in Ukraine, but they are not widely grown. Insufficient number of high-yielding varieties suitable for mechanised harvesting, imperfect cultivation technology, and insufficient use of biological nitrogen fixation capabilities hinder the cultivation of beans in production conditions. The fact that a significant share of domestic and foreign variety originators offer us their own varietal spectrum is also worthy of special attention. It is worth remembering that one of the obstacles to obtaining the highest possible bean productivity is the wrong choice of variety. Our analysis of the literature shows that variety selection is perhaps the most important factor affecting yield formation. At present, there is a wide range of varietal material that is maximally adapted to the conditions of any region, so taking into account all the important components that affect the realisation of the productive potential of this crop, you can choose a variety.