THE INFLUENCE OF SOWING DATES AND SEED TREATMENT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ST. JOHN’S WORT (HYPERICUM PERFORATUM L.) SEEDLINGS
Abstract
The establishment of productive plantations of St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) using the transplanting method allows for a reduction in seed requirements and an improvement in the uniformity and quality of planting material. Aim. To determine the effect of sowing dates and the effectiveness of seed treatment products on the cultivation of St. John’s wort seedlings; to investigate the impact of seed treatment on the accumulation of aboveground phytomass. Methods. Cassette cultivation of St. John’s wort seedlings was carried out under the conditions of the educational and research laboratory for protected ground technologies at the Department of Plant Breeding, Seed Production and Genetics, Poltava State Agrarian University. The experiment included three sowing dates (February, March, and April) combined with four seed treatment variants: control (no treatment), Vympel-K (500 ml/t), Orakul Nasinnia (1 L/t), and their combination. Measurement and weighing methods were used to determine biometric and productivity indicators, while mathematical and statistical methods were applied to assess the reliability of experimental results. Results. All tested preparations had a positive effect on seedling development compared to the control. The highest effectiveness was observed with the combined application of Vympel-K and Orakul Nasinnia. This treatment resulted in the maximum increase in stem height by 8.78 mm, a leaf number increase of up to 29.1%, an increase in leaf area up to 10.05 mm², and aboveground phytomass by up to 42.4%. The best results were recorded with February sowing, indicating the advantage of the earliest sowing date in combination with pre-sowing growth stimulation. A two-factor analysis of variance confirmed the statistically significant effect of both factors–sowing date and type of growth stimulant–on all studied morphological parameters. Conclusions. The findings confirm the relevance of using early sowing dates and combined pre-sowing seed treatments as an effective agrotechnical practice for producing high-quality St. John’s wort seedlings. This is a critical technique for successful plantation cultivation aimed at obtaining raw material compliant with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine.
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