PRODUCTIVITY OF POTATO SEED MATERIAL OBTAINED FROM PLANTS CURED BY CHEMOTHERAPY

Abstract

Purpose of the research is to substantiate the effectiveness of the use of chemical substances that suppress and restrain the development of viruses as a process of improving the source material of the early potato varieties Mezhyrichka 11 and Shchedryk in vitro culture. Methods. Research work was carried out in field experiments in the laboratory of bioadaptive technologies in the APV of the Steppe Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The healing of seed material in the culture of apical meristems in our research is combined with the use of antiviral and antibacterial drugs Novirin, Dekasan, and ferulic, sorbic, and salicylic acids. The predecessor is spring barley. Agricultural machinery in experiments is generally accepted for this zone. Results. According to the results of the analysis, it was established that, on average, during the 2022–2023 research year, the number of tubers from one bush of the Mezhirichka 11 variety, depending on the treatment of the plants with chemical preparations, ranged from 9,5 to 11,4 pcs., Shchedryk variety – 6,2–6,9 pcs. Spraying plants with growth regulators helped to increase this indicator of the Mezhyrichka 11 variety by 4,9 %, Shchedryk variety – by 9,1 %. The largest mass of tubers from one bush in the Mezhyrichka 11 variety was formed in the variant with ferulic acid treatment – 0,56 kg, in the Shchedryk variety – 0,68 kg, under conditions where salicylic acid was introduced into the cultivation medium of the source material. After the application of growth regulators, this indicator increased by 8,9 % in both varieties. The productivity of the Shchedryk variety was 0,59 kg from one bush, which is 25,5 % more than the Mezhirichka 11 variety. According to the results of the dispersion analysis of yield of the basic seed potato (class S), it was established that the main factor affecting the productivity of potatoes is factor B (remediation with chemical preparations) – 26 %. The share of influence from factor A (variety) is 15 %, factor C (growth regulators) – 18 %. Other factors that influenced the formation of tubers (weather conditions, fertilizers, pests, diseases, etc.) accounted for 21 %. When determining the impact of biotechnological techniques on potato viral diseases, it was established that in 2022, no diseased plants were detected, in 2023, in the Mezhyrichka 11 variety, the threadlikeness of sprouts was noted in the control version – 1,4 %. Conclusions. Growth regulators influenced the formation of productivity of potato varieties. Thus, the average number of tubers from one plant due to spraying during the budding period increased by 5,9 %, and the mass of tubers increased by 7,8 %. The yield of potatoes of the S-class generation, the source material of which was improved in vitro with elements of chemotherapy, was 6,1–14,6 % higher. Spraying plants during the budding period contributed to an increase in this indicator by 7,8 %.