Realization of winter wheat varieties agriculture-valuable traits under unstable moisture conditions

Abstract

In the face of climate change, rising temperatures and decreasing rainfall, the introduction of new varieties is vital to contributing to global food security. Purpose. The purpose of the study was to establish the limits of variability of genotypic and environmental components of wheat for theconditions of the Steppe in the implementation of agriculture-valuable traits of productivity and quality. Methods: In the conditions of the scientific research field of the scientificand educational center of practical training of the Dnipr State Agrarian and Economic University, the assessment of 15 winter wheat varieties of ukrainian breeding from various scientific research institutions of Ukraine and of the world was carried out. The test plots of the experiment were placed in a regular manner with a seeding scheme in triplicate, an area of 10 m2 each. The yield, its structure, the content of protein in the grain, the content of protein components were evaluated. Results. The yield parameter depended both on the realization of the potential of the variety and on the year of cultivation. It is worth highlighting varieties such as ZU Trasko, Yalita Vahoma, Balahura, but Vahoma and Balagura are not quite stable in terms of high yield. The year 2022 was more contrasting for the trait, 2021 and 2023 were sharply different from each other, but they have a lower differentiator. Varieties ZU Trasko and Yalita form productivity due to a well-developed main spike, varieties Vahoma and Balahura have an advantage due to higher productive bushiness. Mechanisms for the formation of high yields have been established, but a higher WTG is a mandatory component. The variety Balahura forms both high productivity and higher quality, Vahoma and ZU Trasko high productivity and satisfactory quality. According to the components of reserve proteins, the varieties of Vahoma, Virnist, Euphoria, ZU Trasko, Yalita (higher content) stood out positively for high molecular weight glutenins, for low molecular weight varieties Vyhoda Odeska, Euphoria (lower content) and for gliadins varieties Pleyada and PS TASHAN (higher content). Findings. The studied varieties showed mediocre stability in yield. Two mechanisms of possible formation of a higher yield based on a higher productive bushiness and a better main ear have been established. In both cases, a higher TGW was a mandatory component. By combining high yield and sufficient quality parameters, it is possible to grow Balahura, Vahoma, ZU Trasko varieties. Varieties Balahura, Belinda (protein and gluten), Euphoria (good composition of glutenin) can be used as a source of higher grain quality.