Modern table grapes varieties productivity under cultivation in closed soilless system

Abstract

Activation of the cultivation of modern varieties of table grapes in the conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine is of exceptional practical importance due to several key factors: a significant share in the structure of berry products and importance as a source of food elements, containing more than a hundred valuable and necessary substances and components that provide full human nutrition, one a kilogram of grapes provides approximately one thousand calories, which makes it an energetically valuable product. Purpose. Establishing the characteristics of productivity formation of the researched set of modern varieties of table grapes, determining the elements of the yield structure and the characteristics of their formation when grown in closed soil. Methods. The yield and morphometric parameters of five varieties of table grapes Rafinad, Armani, Karmakod, Sicheslav, Ivanko were studied. The research was conducted on the basis of LLC "Agrosilprom" of the Novomoskovsk district of the Dnipropetrovsk region. The plantings were planted in greenhouses in 2021 according to the planting scheme of 3.0 × 1.5 m. The bushes were formed using trellis growing technology. The experiment was repeated three times. Results. From 2021 (starting with the planting of varieties) to 2023 as a period of active growth and development, the beginning of the formation of yield qualities of the vine, morphometric features of ontogenesis were studied. Among the set of studied varieties, Ivanko grew more slowly, and the growth processes of varieties Armani, Karmakod, Sicheslav were more intense. The genotypes Karmakod and Ivanko differed statistically significantly in terms of the shoot volume parameter, and in terms of the percentage of vegetative mass formed during growth and development, they were significantly inferior to the varieties Rafinad, Sicheslav, and Armani. Two traits of the formation of vegetative mass and the ratio of the ripened part of the vine became significant during the growth and development of table grape plants. In terms of the number of bunches, the weight of grapes per bush, the average mass of bunches, the indicator of yield per unit area, the variety Armani prevailed, followed by Karmakod, the other three varieties were significantly inferior. Varietal variability was significant, variability by year was not. That is, it is possible to provide a final recommendation for cultivation in closed soil of the variety Armani, then Karmakod. The characteristics of shoot length, shoot diameter, cross-sectional area and its volume did not have a statistically significant effect on productivity. The influence of the average length of the shoot and the ripe part of the bunch was more reliable. More important were the average weight of the bunch, productivity from the bush and the ripe part of the bunch. They integratively formed a higher yield of the two varieties Armani and Karmakod. Findings. A significant increase in yield in closed soil was shown by the variety Armani, followed by the variety Karmakod, which was superior to the other varieties on the key characteristics of the length of the shoot, the ripe part of the bunch, the number of bunches per bush, the average weight of the bunch and the productivity per bush. The possibility of influencing the formation of a higher yield by the activity of the vegetation of individual varieties in terms of variability by year was not reliable.