Yield, quality and preservation of onion hybrids

Abstract

The work research materials on the study of onionhybrids (Allium cepa L.) of different geographical originsaccording to the main economically valuable characteristics:productivity and the content of components ofthe chemical composition of bulbs, preservation of onionhybrids. The goal of the research is to estimate yield,quality and preservation capacity of onion hybrids of foreignselection, grown in the conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The research was carriedout during 2021–2022 in the vegetable crop rotation of the“MRIYA-AGRO” farm of the Dnipro district, Dnipropetrovskregion, located in the Northern Steppe zone of Ukraine.The objects of research were 11 semi-hot onion hybrids:Orlenda F1, Sedona F1, Mallory F1, Manas F1, SonomaF1, Sabroso F1; Derek F1 (Netherlands); Hysinger F1and Hytech F1, Hytune F1 (Netherlands); Medusa F1(Japan). The research used methods: special field shorttermexperiments, generally accepted laboratory andanalytical research methods; statistical – to determinethe reliability of the results, other. The results. The yieldof mid-early hybrids ranged from 67.8 to 76.0 t/ha; medium-ripe – 77.0-92.5 t/ha; in mid-late – 71-81 t/ha; in thelate-ripening Hysinger F1 hybrid – 68.0 t/ha. In the groupof mid-early hybrids, the lowest yield was the Hytune F1hybrid (67.8 t/ha). The hybrid of medium maturity groupSedona F1 stood out with the highest yield – 92.5 t/ha.The highest content of dry matter, total sugar and vitaminC was in the medium-early hybrid Mallory F1. Nitrates inbulbs of onion hybrids were 61.6-72.2 mg/kg, which did notexceed the maximum permissible level (MR = 80 mg/kg).The yield of marketable onions after 5 months of storagewas 84.5-88.5%. Conclusions. Cultivation of medium-ripeonion hybrids allows to obtain a higher yield, compared tohybrids of other maturity groups. The highest yield was providedby the mid-ripening hybrid Sedona F1 – 92.5 t/ha.The content of the components of the chemical compositionof the bulbs of this hybrid was also higher. The studiedhybrids are suitable for long-term storage. Natural weightloss during storage did not exceed 10%, the main lossesduring storage were due to diseases.