The state and prospects for the development of world rice farming
Abstract
The purpose of the article is to assess the impact of the use of modern technologies in rice production on the trends in global rice production and consumption over the last decade. Research methods. A set of general scientific methods and approaches of empirical and theoretical knowledge is applied: abstract-logical, systemic approach, statistical, monographic, modeling, complex analysis, generalization. Results of the research. The main centers of world rice production are the countries of East Asia – 45.4%, South Asia – 23.5%, Southeast Asia – 22.2%. About 1% is produced in European countries, and 2.2% in Australia, the USA, and Latin America of the world's gross harvest of rice grain. Among Asian countries, high-tech rice production is developed in Japan (genetic engineering, precise ("smart") agriculture) and China ("sea rice", highyield hybrids). The share of the TOP-5 (India, Thailand, Vietnam, Pakistan and the USA) of the largest rice exporters is almost 79% of the total volume of world rice exports. The TOP-5 importers of rice in 2021/2022 include Indonesia, Iraq, South Africa, Iran, Saudi Arabia. Conclusions. Rice is the main food crop in world agriculture, the products of which feed approximately half of the people on the globe. More than 70% of all global rice production is concentrated in five countries – China, India, Indonesia, Vietnam and Thailand; high-tech rice production is developed in Japan and China; export opportunities of India and the countries of Southeast Asia are provided due to irrigation and improvement of varietal technologies; African countries located south of the Sahara desert are import-dependent; in the European Union, rice production is organized at the highest level, but domestic production is not enough to meet the needs of the population. To reduce the impact of climate change, scientists are constantly working on improving rice cultivation technologies.
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