Efficiency of the selection of winter wheat forms by quantitative traits and problems of their identification

Abstract

The study determines that it is necessary to choose thosegrowing conditions that contribute to an increase in the outputof valuable recombinants for selection of morpho-biotypesby a complex of adaptive properties. In order to keep them in the coming generations it is necessary to create normaland comfortable growing conditions (irrigation, larger areaof nutrition). A plant breeder should plan the beginningof artificial selection according to the assigned tasks.Efficiency of selective breeding depends on manyconditions and factors, the main ones of which arevaluable original material variable in a genetic aspect,a scientifically substantiated model of a variety for certaingrowing conditions, reliable methods for identifyingand selecting valuable genotypes, correspondingto the tasks of selective breeding (in accordancewith the model of a variety), efficient and objectivemethods for evaluation of the original materialand descendants of the selection of elite plants.In recent years the research on the structure and natureof correlation of quantitative traits determining plantproductivity has been conducted successfully. It is stimulatedby the logic of genetic studies and the requirements of practicalselective breeding. The research results accumulated ingenetics and selective breeding prove that the set of traitsdetermining productivity is a complex and dynamic systemthe elements of which react concordantly or differently tochanging environmental conditions. Without taking intoconsideration this system there is no use in hoping foran increase of efficiency of selective breeding. In the centerof attention of the researchers examining the systemsof changeable traits there are parameters of their absolutevalues and correlations between them at phenotypeand genotype levels.