Efficiency of seed production of varieties and promising lines of cultivated soybeans

Abstract

The final stage in the study of newly created varieties and promising lines of cultivated soybeans (Glycine max. (L.) Merr.) is the economic efficiency of their seed production. Their assessment in terms of economic efficiency indicators makes it possible to determine the optimal ratio between production costs and the obtained results. Our research aimed to determine the economic efficiency of seed production of cultivated soybean varieties and promising lines. The methods used were field, mathematical-statistical. Field experiments were conducted over three years (2022–2024) at the «Hryha» Farm in the Poltava region. The object of the study was varieties and newly developed lines of cultivated soybean, namely early-maturing varieties: Mentor, Almaz, Adamos, Aleksandryt, Antratsyt, Akvamaryn, Avantiuryn, Halek; mid-early varieties: Annit, Morion, Tsytryn, Serdolik, lines Ametyst/Miao-yan-dou ta Krasnohradska 86/Altair. The research results showed that, on average over three years, the highest seed yield was obtained from the production of mid-early soybean varieties, in particular lines Krasnohradska 86/Altair – 4.70 t/ha and Ametyst/Miao- yang-dou – 4.40 t/ha. A slightly lower but still high yield was recorded for the variety Serdolik – 3.80 t/ha. The early-maturing soybean variety Halek showed the lowest yield among the studied varieties (2.42 t/ha). Based on the economic analysis of soybean varieties and lines, the most effective ones in terms of profitability, return on investment and payback period were identified. The most profitable among the early-maturing varieties was Adamos – 24,080 UAH, which is 21,520 UAH less than the line Krasnohradska 86/Altair. Among the early-maturing soybean varieties, the lowest income was obtained from producing seeds of the following varieties: Avantiuryn – 18,000 UAH, Akvamaryn – 17,520 UAH, and Halek – 15,476 UAH. The determination of economic efficiency will contribute to increasing the competitiveness of seed farms, ensure effective production planning and ensure the sustainable development of the soybean seed production industry. It was found that the most economically profitable is the production of seeds of the Krasnohradska 86/Altair variety, which provides the highest yield – 4.70 t/ha with a profitability level of 294.2 %. These indicators were relatively high for the early-maturing variety Adamos – 3.06 t/ha and 153.4 % – and the mid-early variety Serdolik – 3.06 t/ha and 218.7 %. Promising areas for further research include the development of new cultivation techniques for specific cultivated soybean varieties to achieve higher seed yields.