Sunflower yield depending of fertilization
Abstract
Aims. To establish the formation of sunflower yield depending on fertilization. Methods. Field, measurement, comparative, analysis, statistical. Results. Mineral fertilizers (especially nitrogen at a dose of N60) provided the highest yield increase, but their effectiveness significantly decreased in dry years. Increasing nitrogen nutrition to N60P30K30 provided the highest average yield – 3.78 t/ha, which is + 1.14 t/ha to the control and +0.34 t/ha to the background. This option showed itself best under more favorable conditions in 2023 and 2025, which indicates a high sensitivity to moisture supply: under dry conditions in 2024, the effect decreased (2.94 t/ha). Despite the fact that zinc increases photosynthesis and drought resistance, in the variant Background + Zn (zinc) the effect of its application was less pronounced – only +0.77 t/ha to the control and even − 0.03 t/ha to the background. Therefore, the addition of zinc separately or in combination with other preparations did not give a significant effect, which can be explained by the limited effect of the element during moisture deficiency in 2024 and the low utilization rate of zinc from the soil. In the variant Background + Vympel-2, the average yield was 3.63 t/ha (an increase of +0.99 t/ha to the control, +0.19 t/ha to the background). The preparation stimulated the development of the root system and photosynthetic activity, especially in 2025, when moisture conditions improved. Conclusions. The combination of mineral nutrition with microfertilizers containing Boron or the biostimulator Vympel-2 provides not only an increase in yield, but also the stability of its implementation in different weather conditions. Sunflower yield is largely determined by weather conditions, primarily the amount of precipitation during flowering and seed filling. Mineral fertilizer helps to increase productivity, but the maximum effect is achieved only with sufficient moisture. Boron and Vympel-2 are promising preparations for basic fertilizer, while the use of zinc is advisable mainly under stress conditions or confirmed deficiency in the soil.
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