Grain yield of spring wheat depending on the rates of mineral fertilizers under different sowing dates

Abstract

Purpose. The purpose of the study was to determine the dependence of spring wheat grain yield on the application rates of mineral fertilizers under different sowing dates. Methods. The research employed scientific methods including field, laboratory, analytical, specification, generalization and mathematical approaches. The experiments were carried out during 2023–2025 at the Higher Educational Institution «Podillia State University» under the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Experimental design: Factor A – rates of mineral fertilizers: N0P0K0 (control – no fertilization), N30P30K30, N60P60K60, N90P90K90; Factor B – sowing dates: 1st – late first to early second ten-day period of March; 2nd – late second to early third ten-day period of March; 3rd – after the third ten-day period of March. Results. The study presents results on the influence of mineral fertilizer rates (N0P0K0, N30P30K30, N60P60K60, N90P90K90) and sowing dates on the grain yield of two spring wheat varieties – Simkoda Myronivska and Elegia Myronivska. Conclusions. The dependence of spring wheat grain yield level on the rates of mineral fertilizers applied has been proven. For the variants N30P30K30, N60P60K60, and N90P90K90 the grain yield indicators were respectively: Elegia Myronivska – 4.91; 5.39 and 5.70 t/ha; Simkoda Myronivska – 5.30; 5.80 and 6.14 t/ha. The formation of grain yield was also found to depend on environmental conditions under different sowing dates. For the first, second and third sowing dates, the yield parameters were respectively: Elegia Myronivska – 5.58; 5.08 and 4.49 t/ha; Simkoda Myronivska – 6.02, 5.48 and 4.82 t/ha. The share of influence for Elegia Myronivska was 37.76 % for sowing dates and 62.15 % for fertilizer rates, while for Simkoda Myronivska it was 39.64 % and 60.30 %, respectively.