Screening of bean varieties for resistance to adverse environmental factors

Abstract

An important indicator that should be paid attention to when choosing a variety for cultivation is not only the yield, but also resistance to adverse environmental factors, among which drought resistance and resistance to major crop diseases occupy a significant place. In the article, the authors analyzed common bean varieties included in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine for 2017–2025.Varieties are grouped according to their reaction to negative environmental factors, in particular drought and diseases, and potential yield when following technological processes when growing beans in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Bean varieties are analyzed by the year of inclusion in the State Register and the country of origin of the variety. Most of the bean varieties in the register were created in Ukraine. It is known that domestic varieties have higher agroecological resistance to adverse growing conditions, since they were created in recommended growing zones, while foreign varieties have lower agroecological plasticity. Varieties excluded from the State Register of Varieties in 2025 were also analyzed. Varieties that do not meet the requirements for a number of indicators, including resistance to diseases, pests, drought, and other adverse factors, are removed. In particular, in 2025, 46 bean varieties were excluded from the register. Growing conditions play an important role in the formation of plant resistance to diseases. To obtain stable yielding varieties of common beans, varieties with high drought resistance are required. In addition, varieties that are relatively resistant to pathogens due to moisture deficiency needed. According to the results of the analysis, the vast majority of common bean varieties included in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine for 2025 have average resistance to adverse environmental factors – drought and diseases – at the level of 7 points. The Elegance and Nagano varieties are highly resistant to both factors, and also have a fairly high yield – 2,7–2,8 t/ha.