Effect of cadmium salts on the growth and development of Sorghum plants in vitro
Abstract
Aims. To investigate the effect of different concentrations of cadmium salts on the growth and development of shoots of the Sorghum genus under in vitro conditions and to select tolerant forms when creating a starting material resistant to abiotic factors. Methods. Laboratory, biotechnological, measuring, calculation and comparison, analysis, statistical. Results. It was established that Sorghum shoots, regardless of the concentrations of cadmium salts, were most sensitive in broom Sorghum, and most resistant in the Sorghum sudanese hybrid. Studies indicate that at CdCl2 concentrations of 10.0 mg/l, 82 to 95 % of shoots were obtained on the third day of cultivation. In the control variant, viable shoots were 93 %, in the Sorghum sudanese hybrid 95 %, in sorites and grain Sorghum – 90 %, and the least in broom Sorghum – 82 %. With an increase in concentration up to 15.0 mg/l, 70 to 87 % of the studied samples were obtained. The highest indicatorswere observed in the control (87 %), Sorghum sudanese hybrid and grain Sorghum (85 %), and the lowest in broom Sorghum (70 %). The concentration of 20.0 mg/l was more toxic and 44 to 54 % of necrotic shoots were noted on all variants. As in previous studies, the highest rates were in the control – 54 % and in the Sorghum sudanese hybrid and grain Sorghum – 50 %, slightly lower in soriz – 47 % and the lowest in broom sorghum – 44 %. Conclusions. It was proven that shoots of broom Sorghum had the lowest tolerance, and shoots of the Sorghum sudanese hybrid had the highest, regardless of the concentrations of cadmium salts and cultivation period. It was established that on the third day of cultivation, the viability of the shoots varied from 82 to 95 % (10 mg/l) and from 70 to 87 % (15.0 mg/l), and subsequently their viability sharply decreased. It was analyzed that necrotic shoots were not observed at concentrations of 1.0 and 2.5 mg/l and almost at 5.0 mg/l (only in 5 % broom Sorghum). Increasing the concentration to 17.5 mg/l resulted in a significant increase in necrotic and dead Sorghum shoots. The optimal concentration is to use 10.0 and 15.0 mg/l.
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