Influence of oil radish under green manure application on the soil productivity index
Keywords:
soil fertility, soil productivity, bio-organic fertilization, soil restoration, green manure fertilization system
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness and feasibility of using oil radish as green manure in variants of intermediate summer utilization for the formation of the integrated indicator – the soil productivity index.Methods. The research was conducted during 2014–2025 at the experimental field of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University on gray forest soils with medium fertility potential. The experiment included four replications.Variant arrangement was systematic in two tiers. The experimental design provided for a comparative assessment of two consecutive technological variants: the control without green manure and the experimental variant with intermediate summer use of oil radish as green manure on the same plots, with alternation every two years to prevent potential phytotoxicity associated with cruciferous green manure crops.Results. For the 0–30 cm soil layer, averaged over the period 2014–2025, the comparative assessment between the no-green-manure variant and the variant with consistent green manure application of oil radish revealed the following average annual dynamics: humus content +0.0024%, soil bulk density -0.017 g cm-³, soil water-holding capacity +0.422%, pH +0.021, available phosphorus content +1.092 mg kg-1, exchangeable potassium content +1.242 mg kg-1, and soil electrical conductivity -0.001 dS m-1.Conclusions. The consistent green manure application of oil radish ensured an annual increase in the soil productivity index of +0.0112 per year. Therefore, oil radish is recommended for the unstable moisture zone of gray forest soils as a soil-improving and soil-rehabilitating green manure crop in the variant of intermediate summer technological application.
References
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2. Abdulraheem M.I., Tobe O.K. Green manure for agricultural sustainability and improvement of soil fertility. Farming & Management. 2022. Vol. 7. P. 1–8.
3. Iheshiulo E. M.-A., Larney F. J., Hernandez-Ramirez G., St Luce M., Chau H. W., Liu K. Quantitative evaluation of soil health based on a minimum dataset under various short-term crop rotations on the Canadian prairies. Science of The Total Environment. 2024. Vol. 935. 173335.
4. Talgre L Biomass production of different green manure crops and their effect on the succeeding crops yield. PhD Thesis. Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Estonian University of Life Sciences. Tartu. 2013, 164 pp.
5. Israt I.J., Parimal B.K. Residual Effect of Green Manure on Soil Properties in Green Manure-Transplant Aman- Mustard Cropping Pattern. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 2023. Vol. 57. № 1. P. 67–72.
6. Xu J., Si L., Zhang X., Cao K., Wang J. Various green manure-fertilizer combinations affect the soil microbial community and function in immature red soil. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2023. Vol. 14. 1255056.
7. Duan Y., Wang T., Lei X., Cao Y., Liu L., Zou Z. Leguminous green manure intercropping changes the soil microbial community and increases soil nutrients and key quality components of tea leaves. Horticulture Research. 2024. Vol. 11. uhae018
8. Bhogal A., White C., Morris N. Project Report №. 620 Maxi Cover Crop:Maximising the benefits from cover crops through species selection and crop management. AHDB Cereals & Oilseeds is a part of the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (AHDB). 2010, 111 pp.
9. Swarcewicz M., Adaszynska M., Wrzesinska E. Chemical Composition of Macerated Plant Parts of White Mustard Sinapis alba. Chemistry of Natural Compounds. 2013. Vol. 49, 557–558.
10. Rani, T. S., Umareddy, R., Ramulu, C., Kumar, T. S. Green Manurs and Grean leaf manures for soil fertility improvement: A review. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2021. Vol. 10. № 5. P. 190–196.
11. Zhang J., He W., Wei Z., Chen Y., Gao W. Integrating green manure and fertilizer reduction strategies to enhance soil carbon sequestration and crop yield: evidence from a two-season pot experiment. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. 2025. Vol. 8, 1514409.
12. Clark A. Managing cover crops profitably. DIANE Publishing (3rd ed.). 2008, 248 pp.
13. Yadav D., Kumawat A., Kumar P., Kumar S., Singh D., Kumar D. (2021). Chemical Fertilization to Green Manuring: Moving towards Sustained Production. Farm Information Bureau. 2021. Vol. 9. № 1. P. 15–19.
14. Li W.G., Yang X.X., Huang C.G., Xue N.W., Xia Q., Liu X.L., Zhang X.Q., Yang S., Yang Z.P., Gao Z.Q. Effects of rapeseed green manure on soil fertility and bacterial community in dryland wheat field. Agricultural Sciences in China. 2019. Vol. 52. P. 2664–2677.
15. Naz A., Rebi A., Naz R., Akbar M. U., Aslam A., Kalsom A., Niaz A., Ahmad M. I., Nawaz S., Kausar R., Ali B., Saleem M. H., Zhou J. Impact of Green Manuring on Health of Low Fertility Calcareous Soils. Land. 2023. Vol. 12(3). 546.
16. Wang C., Ma Y., He W., Kuzyakov Y., Bol R., Chen H., Fan M. Soil quality and ecosystem multifunctionality after 13-year of organic and nitrogen fertilization. Science of The Total Environment. 2024. Vol. 931. 172789.
17. Kopittke P.M., Menzies N.W., Wang P., McKenna B.A., Lombi E. 2019. Soil and the intensification of agriculture for global food security. Environment International. 2019. Vol. 132. 105078.
18. Tsytsiura Y. Potential of oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus l. var. oleiformis Pers.) as a multi-service cover crop (MSCC). Agronomy Research. 2024. Vol. 22. № 2. P. 1026–1070.
19. Toungos M.D., Bulus Z.W. Cover crops dual roles: Green manure and maintenance of soil fertility, a review. International Journal of Innovative Agriculture and Biology Research. 2019. Vol. 7. № 1. P. 47–59.
20. Razanov S., Ovcharuk V., Krasnyak O., Bakhmat M., Bakhmat O. Agroecological assessment of green manures grown from winter grain harvest lost in the conditions of the right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. International Journal of Ecosystems and Ecology Science. 2021. Vol. 11. № 4. P. 895–902.
21. Dai W., Feng G., Huang Y., Adeli A., Jenkins J. N. Influence of cover crops on soil aggregate stability, size distribution and related factors in a no-till field. Soil & Tillage Research. 2024. Vol. 244. 106197.
22. Kumar R., Choudhary J.S., Naik S.K., Mondal S., Mishra J.S., Poonia S.P., Kumar S., Hans H., Kumar S., Das A., Kumar V., Bhatt B.P., Chaudhari S.K., Malik R.K., Craufurd P., McDonald A., Sherpa S.R. Influence of conservation agriculture-based production systems on bacterial diversity and soil quality in rice-wheat-greengram cropping system in eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2023. Vol. 14. 1181317.
23. Das K., Biswakarma N., Zhiipao R., Kumar A., Ghasal P.C., Pooniya V. Significance and Management of Green Manures. In: Giri, B., Varma, A. (eds) Soil Health. Soil Biology, Springer, Cham. 2020. Vol. 59. P. 197–217.
24. Deus T.R.V. de, Giongo V., Salviano A. M., Santana M. da S., Silva V.C., da Santos T.C. dos Selection of green manures to provide ecosystem services in a semi-arid environment. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Ambientais, 2022. Vol. 57. № 3. P. 409–421.
25. Green Manure Global Market Report 2024. By Type (Leguminous, non Leguminous), By Source (Dhaincha, Sesbania, Sunhemp, Other Sources), By Application (Grains and Cereals, Pulses and Oilseeds, Fruits and Vegetables, Other Applications) – Market Size, Trends, And Global Forecast 2024–2033. 2023. URL: https:// www.thebusinessresearchcompany.com/report/green-manure-global-market-report (date of application 5 September 2025)
26. Lee C.-R., Kim S.H., Oh Y., Kim Y.J., Lee S.-M. Effect of Green Manure on Water-Stable Soil Aggregates and Carbon Storage in Paddy Soil. Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer. 2023. Vol. 56. № 2. Р. 191–198.
27. Lövgren E. Complete removal of biomass from oilseed radish as a cover crop decreased nitrous oxide emissions. Master’s degree project. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 43 pp.
28. Liu Y. Nutrient accumulation and release in soil under cover crop systems. PhD Thesis. University of Massachusetts, Amherst. 1997, 109 pp.
29. Liu X.H., Zhou X., Deng L.C., Fan L.Y., Qu L., Li M. Decomposition characteristics of rapeseed green manure and effect of nutrient release on soil fertility. Hunan Agricultural Science. 2020. Vol. 416. P. 39–44.
30. Li W.G., Yang X.X., Huang C.G., Xue N.W., Xia Q., Liu X.L., Zhang X.Q., Yang S., Yang Z.P., Gao Z.Q. Effects of rapeseed green manure on soil fertility and bacterial community in dryland wheat field. Agricultural Sciences in China. 2019. Vol. 52. P. 2664–2677.
31. Tsytsiura Y. Evaluation of Ecological Adaptability of Oilseed Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiformis Pers.) Biopotential Realization in the System of Criteria for Multi-Service Cover Crop. Journal of Ecological Engineering. 2024. Vol. 25. № 7. P. 265–285.
32. Test Guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability of Fodder Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiformis Pers.). 2017. TG/178/3, UPOV, Geneva. 19 pp.
33. Tsytsiura Y. Ecological adaptive tactics of oil radish root formation at different terms of green manure application. Journal of Ecological Engineering. 2025. Vol. 26. № 9. P. 420–439.
34. Brown C. Available Nutrients and Value for Manure from Various Livestock Types. Factsheet № 21077. AGDEX 538. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. Queen’s Printer for Ontario. 2021, 10 рp.
35. Blake G.R., Hartge K.H. (1986) Bulk Density. In: Klute A. Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 1 Physical and Mineralogical Methods. SSSA Book Series. Soil Science Society of America, Inc. 1986, 363–382.
36. Bittelli M. Measuring Soil Water Content: A Review. HortTechnology. 2011. Vol. 21. № 3. P. 293–300.
37. ДСТУ 4289:2004. Якість ґрунту. Методи визн чення органічної речовини (Національний стандарт України). К.: Державна служба стандартизації та якості України. 2005, 8 с.
38. ДСТУ 7863:2015. Якість ґрунту. Визначення легкогідро- лізованого азоту методом Корнфілда. (Національний стандарт України). Київ: Державна служба стандартизації та сертифікації України. 2016, 9 с.
39. ДСТУ 4115-2002. Ґрунти. Визначення рухомих сполук фосфору та калію модифікованим методом Чирикова (Національний стандарт України). Київ: Державна служба стандартизації та сертифікації України. 2003, 6 с.
40. ДСТУ ISO 10390:2007. Якість ґрунту. Визначення рН (ISO 10390:2005, IDT) (Національний стандарт України). Київ: Державна служба стандартизації. 2009, 15 с.
41. Pierce F. J., Larson W. E., Dowdy R. H., Graham W. A. P. Productivity of soils: Assessing long-term changes due to erosion. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. 1983. Vol. 38. № 1. P. 39–44.
42. Чорний С., Вільна (Поляшенко) Н. Оновлення «Індексу продуктивності Пірса» та його застосування для оцінки якості чорноземних ґрунтів у Правобережній степовій зоні України. Агрохімія та ґрунтознавство. 2019. Вип. 88. С. 31–39.
43. Fan J., McConkey B., Wang H., Janzen H. Root distribution by depth for temperate agricultural crops. Field Crop Research. 2016. Vol. 189. P. 68–74.
44. ДСТУ 4362:2004. Якість ґрунтів. Показники родючості ґрунтів. (Національний стандарт України). К.: Держспоживстандарт України. Київ: Державний споживчий стандарт України. 2005, 33 с.
45. Stroud J. L., Kemp S. J., Sturrock C. J. The effect of organic matter amendments on soil surface stability in conventionally cultivated arable fields. Soil Use and Management. 2024. Vol. 40. e12985.
Published
2025-11-28
Section
MELIORATION, ARABLE FARMING, HORTICULTURE
