The main spring barley in Ukraine

Abstract

Yard barley is one of the most important grain crops in Ukraine, which provides over 25% of the gross yield of grain crops. First of all, there is a whole forage crop, from which concentrated feed for animals is generated. And how will I feed the culture of barley vikoryst for the production of beer, cereals, concentrates, etc. In Svita, behind the sown areas, sweet barley is planted 5 months – over 80 million hectares, and the gross production is more than 180 million tons. For the sown areas, the crop price (over 2.0 million hectares) Ukraine is included up to the first dozens of world leaders. Sweet barley hangs mainly on the fertile soils of the rainy areas of the steppe zone. In Ukraine, the average yield is 2.5 t/ha, although in smaller states with intensive cultivation technology they can produce up to 6.0 t/ha of grain. On the way to the stable harvesting of high yields of early barley, illnesses of various etiologies arise, which can reduce the quantity and severity of the harvested crop by 50% or more. The purpose of the article was to conduct a critical analysis of scientific and popular science literary sources related to the outbreak of early barley in Ukraine. To establish the specific storage of the main diseases of spring barley in Ukraine, which may be of economic importance, 54 scientific and popular science literary studies were analyzed regarding diseases of barley and approaches to their management. profitability. From a critical analysis of scientific and popular science literature, it is clear that in agrocenoses barley in Ukraine can soon be prevented by a whole series of diseases of fungal and viral etiology: volatile, hard, black and stem soot, yellowish, brownish and dwarf weedy, bushy dew, dark brown, dark and often flattened, rhynchosporiasis, septoria, streaked and yellow mosaic, as well as dwarfism. The rapid expansion and development of diseases in agrocenoses of barley was due to the gradual expansion of sown areas for winter and spring barley, as well as short-rotation rotations, sowing of grains by grains and insufficient technology virochuvannya culture. By limiting the development and spread of diseases in agrocenoses, barley must be cured to sow disease-resistant regional varieties, adhere to the recommended growing technologies, and hang Only the sowing material has been wiped with fungicides, and the crops have been sprayed with fungicides until they have cured, only for natural consumption.