Oilseed Radish Root Residues as an Additional Effective Component of Intermediate Green Manure Fertilization
Abstract
Objective. The purpose of the study was to investigate the development of the root system of oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiformis Pers.) in terms of its biochemical profile and bio-organic potential as a fertilizing component on Grey Forest Soils.Methods. The research was conducted during 2014–2024 at the experimental field of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University on Grey Forest Soils with medium fertility poten- tial. The experiment was arranged in four replications with a systematic two-tier design. The study focused on the summer (intermediate) green manure variant, assessing the biopro- ductivity of root system formation and the complete biochemi- cal composition of the root biomass.Results. The study examined the levels of bioproductivity in oilseed radish root biomass formation over an eleven-year period under unstable atmospheric moisture conditions and markedly variable temperature regimes. The average yield of dry root biomass was 1.19 t/ha, characterizing the crop as ahighly productive green manure species in terms of root resi- due accumulation during summer sowing.Biochemical composition analysis identified the root mass as having high fertilizing potential and slow decomposition rates. The long-term average agrochemical potential of the root biomass was estimated at 45–65 kg/ha of nitrogen, up to 7.0 kg/ha of phosphorus, up to 40 kg/ha of potassium, up to 5.6 kg/ha of calcium, and up to 11 kg/ha of sulfur. The root biomass demonstrated a high biofumigation potential, with glucosinolate accumulation reaching up to 20.76 mol/ha.The decomposition dynamics of oilseed radish root resi- dues were found to be optimized, facilitating the gradual incor- poration of aboveground biomass into the soil during green manure-related agrotechnical operations.Conclusions. It has been shown that oil radish root resi- dues are an additional and important component of the overall potential of green manure bioproductivity on gray forest soils, especially in comparison with other cruciferous green manure crops. Root residues increase the overall green manure potential of oil radish by 11% in terms of nitrogen, 5.8% in terms of phosphorus, 18.5% in terms of potassium, 5.9% in terms of calcium, and 19.6% in terms of sulfur. In addition, the potential for biofumigation increases by at least 11.7% due to the normalization of the decomposition rate of plant biomass in the soil and the slowdown of mineralization with a coeffi- cient of 1.17. This ultimately creates favorable conditions for the absorption of nutrients by the soil absorption complex and successful soil nutrition of the plants following green manure.
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