The effectiveness of protection measures for maize hybrids of different FAO groups by Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon under continuous maize cultivation conditions with irrigation

Abstract

The article presents the results of studies on the degree of infection of maize hybrids of different FAO groups with Fusarium head blight (Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon) in permanent crops for five years. The purpose of the research was to determine the effectiveness of the use of chemical and biological means of protecting maize hybrids of different FAO groups from Fusarium head blight (Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon) under drip irrigation conditions in permanent maize crops during 2020…2024. Methods. Field experiments were con- ducted at the Institute of Climate-Oriented Agriculture of the NAAS in the agroecological zone of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. Results. According to the results of the research, it was found that during permanent maize crops, damage to maize hybrid plants by Fusarium head blight in the 4th–5th year increased significantly com- pared to the first years. In the last two years of a five- year permanent crop, the degree of infection of hybrids increased by 33.3…44.25%. Hybrids with FAO over 300 were more affected, which is associated with the longer duration of the growing season of these genotypes and the increased duration of invasive pressure on plants.Without the use of plant protection products, the incidence of Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon significantly increased by the fifth year of constant crops. Thus, if at the beginning of the two-year period of repeated crops, the incidence of hybrid plant ears was 22.6...34.5% in the FAO 190...290 group, then in the last two years of the five-year constant crop, the degree of infection of these hybrids was 60.1...73.0%. The intensity of damage to ears by Fusarium wilt in hybrids with FAO 320...420 increased more rapidly in constant crops compared to early-ripening genotypes. Thus, in the first two years of constant crops, the incidence of Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon in hybrids of this maturity group was 38.3...48.4%. At the end of the five-year period, the incidence of hybrids Askania, Tronka, Arabat, Vira increased to 70.2…91.6%.The incidence of late-ripening hybrids increased almost twice, which indicates a greater sensitivity to damage by Fusarium head blight. The use of a biological product for corn protection showed the effectiveness of the drug Trichopsin BT (biological preparations of insecticidal and growth-stimulating action) in the fight against Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon. Conclusions. The use of integrated plant protection (chemical insecticide + biological preparation + chemical fungicide) showed the greatest technical efficiency in the fight against Fusarium head blight. The technical efficiency of such protection of maize heads from Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon was the greatest and amounted to 82…94%.