Biochemical Profile of the Grain and Vegetative Mass of Common Bean

Abstract

Objective. To determine and analyze the biochem- ical components of the plant and grain of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Methods. Physiological- biochemical, analytical, comparative, and statistical meth- ods were used. The content and quantity of phytochemical substances were determined using extraction techniques, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), paper chromatogra- phy (PC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results.The main phytochemical components and their quantitative content were identified in the biomass and grain samples of common bean. The lowest flavonoid content was detected in the leaves. The shoots showed the highest content of total phenolics – 200 mg/g and fla- vonoids – 150 mg/g, compared to the grain, where these components were found in quantities of 140–145 mg/g and 10–50 mg/g of dry matter, respectively. The phytic acid content in the grain ranged from 4.09 to 9.96 mg/g.The amount of saponins in the grain was only 0.6% mg/g.Tannin content in the grain ranged from 0.77 to 0.97 mg/g.Among the macronutrients, carbohydrates and starch had the highest values – 54–60% and 34–45%, respectively.In the vegetative mass of bush-type bean varieties, the highest concentrations of micronutrients were recorded for iron – 100–300 mg/kg of dry matter, zinc – 20–50 mg/ kg, copper and boron – 5–15 mg/kg and 20–50 mg/kg, respectively. The total content of soluble sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose) in the biomass ranged from approxi- mately 5–15%.Conclusions.The results obtained demonstrate significant quantita- tive differences in the profile of phenolic components and other nutrients between the grain and biomass of common bean. Phytochemical components are species-specific and discriminative, making the crop valuable both for human consumption and as a nitrogen source in agricultural agro- cenoses.