Regional and perspective selection of apple varieties pomological characteristics

Abstract

Agrarian fruit growing has been one of the oldest agricultural fields in our country, and today it is one of the leading fields in the development of the country's economy. In our country, which started the path of independent development, reforms were carried out in the agrarian field as well as in all areas of the economy. Currently, in the world and our republic, there is a great demand for the creation of new apple varieties with high dietary and nutritional value and high-quality indicators through artificial selection in connection with the production of quality food products. Methods. Generally accepted methods in fruit growing were used for the study of the gene pool of the apple plant and the purchase of feed selection varieties with high efficiency (V. V. Volkodava, 2000; S. О. Tanchyk, 2016). As a result of the soil and climate conditions of Azerbaijan, it has caused the formation of a rich gene pool of fruit aphids. Taking these into account, valuable, aboriginal, previously introduced and used as donor parent lines of fruit varieties of the Research Institute of Fruit and Tea Cultivation, about 30 new high-quality selection varieties of spur-type, quick-yielding, meeting the requirements of the market economy were created. The positive economic- biological characteristics of those varieties exceed local and introduced varieties by about 10-12%. Most of the varieties obtained through selection were submitted to the State Variety Test, Paizlıg Guba, Zızılıg Guba, Sevinj, Elvin, Zumrüd varieties were regionalized, and Sadaf, Ziya, and Zirve varieties were classified as promising varieties. Some of those varieties are used by peasant (farmers) farms in the establishment of industrial-type gardens based on new innovative technologies. Conclusion. As a result of our long-term selection scientific research work on the apple plant, about 30 high-efficiency F2 fodder varieties adapted to the soil and climate conditions of the Guba-Khachmaz economic region, which is considered the main fruit-growing region of the country, were created. Most of those varieties have been submitted to the Agrarian Services Agency, Paizlıg Guba, Winter Guba, Sevinj, Elvin, and Zumrud varieties have been regionalized from the winter varieties. Ziya, Zirve, and Sadaf varieties are included in the group of perspective varieties in the State register.