Results of the study of samples of common cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Abstract
Goal. To highlight the issues of studying introducedcollection samples of cotton in the conditions of irrigationof the Southern Steppe of Ukraine for the feasibility oftheir further use in the breeding process when creatingnew varieties. Research methods – field, laboratory, statistical.Results. Over three years, 154 samples of cottonof Ukrainian and foreign selection were studied in the collectionnursery, including the first year, 8 new introduced samples from Bulgaria were studied, namely: Snezhinka,Orpheus, Tiara, Melanie, Selena, Crystal, Chirpan 539,Helius. The gene pool was assessed according to individualmorpho-biological and economic characteristics. Theshortest vegetation period was observed for Krystal andSnezhna, in which ripening occurred only 1 and 4 dayslater than the standard variety. In terms of plant height,the indicators corresponded to the “very low” level of thetrait, and in terms of the location of the lower sympodiumof 11.3 and 11.4 cm – to the “high” level. It was foundthat the studied varieties were very resistant to verticilliumwilt, homosis and lodging. As for drought, Tiara andHelius were somewhat more responsive to the dry andhot conditions of the reporting year, their resistance was7 points. Conclusions. As a result of the assessment ofthe gene pool for individual morpho-biological and economiccharacteristics, the most early-ripening varietieswere selected from the introduced samples (Krystal andSnezhna, Orpheus and Selena). In terms of plant height,Darmi, Chirpan 539 and Helius were the highest (60.4and 61.1 cm), but these indicators corresponded to the“very low” level of the trait, while the “high” level was thelocation of the lower sympodium of 11.3 and 11.4 cm inDarmi, Natalia, Vega. It was established that the formationof the yield of raw cotton is influenced by the weightof the boll and the yield of fiber. The best varieties for thistrait are Natalia (2.43 t/ha), Chirpan 539 (2.43 t/ha) andTiara (2.78 t/ha).
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