Formation of growth indicators of soybean plants depending on inoculation and fertilization
Abstract
Aims. Determine the formation of soybean plant growth indicators depending on inoculation and fertilization. Methods. Laboratory, measuring, calculation and comparison, analysis, statistical. Results. The use of fertilizers significantly increased the mass of one soybean plant. Thus, on average, over the three years of research, this indicator increased from 10.0 to 11.6–12.8 g or by 16–28 % under nitrogen fertilizer systems. With the application of N30P30K30, one plant mass increased to 12.3 g and to 13.8 g or by 6–8 % compared to nitrogen systems which indicates a large effect of nitrogen on the formation of individual productivity of soybean plants. Seed share in completely dry phytomass was higher compared to this indicator, calculated based on actual moisture, but the application of fertilizers increased it. Thus, on average over the three years of research, this indicator in the variant without fertilizers was 35.1 % which increased to 37.8 % with the application of N30 or by 8 %; with the application of a double dose of nitrogen fertilizers – up to 36.5 %, or by 4 %, and with the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer system – up to 36.3 %, or by 3 %. All fertilizer systems in which the nitrogen content was increased to 60 kg/ha AD provided formation of 36.3–36.6 % of grain from phytomass. Conclusions. It was found that the use of fertilizers under soybeans contributes to an increase in one plant mass and seed mass. Moreover, seed share in phytomass decreases with the actual moisture of the vegetative mass. But in terms of absolutely dry mass it significantly exceeds the indicator in the variant without fertilizers. The use of nitrogen-potassium, nitrogen-phosphorus and variants with incomplete return of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers did not significantly reduce the indicators of individual productivity of soybean plants. It should be noted that this indicator was least influenced by the use of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer system. The use of inoculation significantly increased soybean plant growth rates compared to areas without it.
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