Compaction density and structural-aggregate composition of the soil depending on its processing

Abstract

Goal. The purpose of the research was to establishchanges in agrophysical properties (compaction density andstructural-aggregate composition) of the soil depending onthe measures of the main cultivation and their influence onthe growth and development of soybean plants in the conditionsof the Chernihiv region. Methods. The Mentor soybeanvariety was grown on loamy black loam soil in a shorttermfield experiment of Natasha Agro, Chernihiv region. Inthe experiment, the following soil treatments were studied:1. Shelf treatment for 20–22 cm PLN-3–35 (control); 2. Shelffreeprocessing for 20–22 cm with a deep loosener GasconSS3F–9S450R; 3. Shallow tillage of 10–12 cm AG–2.4–20.All elements of the technology, selection of bunch samplesof plants, determination, accounting of the harvest,statistical processing of the obtained results were carriedout in accordance with methodical recommendations andDSTU. Results. According to the results of our research, itwas established that the density of the soil increased duringthe growing season and, depending on the cultivation,in the 0–10 cm layer was 1,12–1,14 g/cm3, in the 10–20layer – 1,11–1,14 g/cm3, in – 20–30 cm 1,16–1,20 g/cm3.The density of the arable layer of the soil during the soybeanharvesting period was found to be almost at the samelevel – 1.19–1.21 g/cm3. It was established that the numberof lumpy aggregates increased during tillage. On thisvariant, the number of aggregates was recorded at 16,7 % (0–10 cm), 16,4 % (10–20 cm) and 15,9 (20–30 cm). It wasfound that the amount of erosion-dangerous aggregateswith a size of less than 0,25 mm increased during shelf processing.Conclusions. Thus, with no-till soil cultivation inthe 0–30 cm layer at the beginning of the soybean growingseason, favorable conditions were created for the densityof the soil, which was within the range of 1,04–1,19 g/cm3,at the end of the growing season – 1,14–1,27 g /cm3. Theuse of shallow tillage provides a much better structure ofthe arable layer (Ks=3,22) than soybean cultivation, wherethe number of structural aggregates was the highest(74,7%).