Biology and harmfulness of the bean bruchid on common bean
Abstract
Purpose. To investigate the biology and harmfulness of the bean beetle eater on early-ripening, bush varieties of common beans in field conditions and during storage in the Kharkiv region. Methods. The research was conducted at the Educational, Scientific and Production Center «Experimental field Dokuchaevske» of the State Biotechnological University and at the State Enterprise «Experimental Farm «Elitne»» of the Plant Production Institute named after V. Ya. Yuriev of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine during 2023–2024 on two varieties of common beans: Wawelska and Black Turtle. Commonly accepted methods were used: mowing with an entomological net, visual inspection of plants, and dissection of beans and seeds. Laboratory studies were conducted according to DSTU 4138-2002. Statistical processing of the obtained data was done using dispersion analysis. Results. The biological features of development and phenology of the bean beetle on common beans in field conditions and during storage were studied. This pest appeared on the crops in the first decade of July and managed to complete one life cycle, colonizing 16–34 % of beans and 10.4–19 % of grains. It was found that the bean beetle preferred the Wawelska variety. During storage, A. obtectus had three generations. Nutrition of bruchid larvae inside bean grains caused a decrease in the mass of 1000-kernel weight by 19–26 % and laboratory germination by 13.2–100 %. In the warehouse, more damage by the phytophagus of common bean seeds of the Black Tortoise variety was noted. Conclusions. Additional feeding of bruchid imago on bean flowers was recorded. Females laid eggs on formed beans. One larva developed in one grain, rarely it was two – three larvae of the pest. During the years of research, the bean beetle had one generation in the field and three in storage. The average colonization of beans by the bruchid in the field was 25 %, the Wawelska variety was more severely damaged. The influence of the number of exit holes in bean grains on the weight of 1000-kernel weight and the laboratory germination of common beans has been proven. If there are five or more damages in the grain, the seeds completely lose their germination, regardless of the variety.
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