ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN THE CONDITIONS OF MARITAL STATE IN UKRAINE
Abstract
The purpose of the article to investigate the current ecological state of forest ecosystems on the example of the Vinnytsia Forestry branch of the State Enterprise Forests of Ukraine under the conditions of martial law in Ukraine. Methods. The methodological basis of this research is: empirical (field experiments and observations; measurement of indicators of the research object; theoretical (putting forward a hypothesis and forming conclusions based on research results; statistical; mathematical. Results. In the territory of the forest ecosystems of the Hnivan Forestry at the point of soil sampling at a distance of 1000 m from the point of explosion of the fragment, there were no exceedances of the MPC, although the concentration was close to the MPC. Thus, the concentration of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu was lower than the MPC by 1.03, 1.07, 1.18, and 1.86 times, respectively. The highest content of heavy metals in point №2 was Cu, and it was higher than Pb, Cd, and Zn by 5.06, 45.33, and 1.51 times, respectively. The highest content of heavy metals in Voronovetski forestry at the point of explosion was Cu, compared with Pb, Cd, and Zn in 3.03, 23.23, and 1.94 times, respectively. In soil sample №2, no exceedance of the MPC of heavy metals was observed, the total content of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu was lower than the MPC by 1.31, 1.48, 1.4 and 2.6 times, respectively. At that time, the highest content of heavy metals in sample №2 was Cu, which was higher compared to Pb, Cd, and Zn by 4.61, 44.9 and 1.29 times, respectively. The hazard ratio in sample №1 of Hnivan forestry was higher for Pb, Cd, Zn Cu by 4.27, 2.69, 1.46, and 2.03 times, respectively, compared to sample №2. Similarly, when comparing the indicators of the hazard ratio between the samples taken on the territory of the Voronovytskyi forestry, the hazard ratio in sample №1 was higher for Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu by 4.14, 5.22, 1.8, and 2.73 times, respectively, compared to sample №2. Conclusions. The content of heavy metals in the soils of the SE "Vinnytsia Forestry" on the territory of the Hnivansky and Voronovytskyi forests exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations in the samples taken on the territory of forest ecosystems at the explosion points of fragments of downed missiles. The content of Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu was higher than the MPC by 4.11, 2.48, 1.23 and 1.08 times, respectively, in samples from Hnivan Forestry. In the territory of forest ecosystems of the Voronovytskyi Forestry the concentration of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu was higher than the MPC in 3.15, 3.52, 1.28 and 1.04 times respectively. The studied indicators of the hazard ratio exceed the numerical value of 1 in the selected samples in the zone of the rupture of the missile fragment, both in the territory of Hnivanskyi and in the territory of Voronovetski forestry, which indicates that this territory is dangerous for harvesting non-wood forestry products and breeding of forest species.
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