PECULIARITIES OF PRODUCTIVITY AND GRAIN QUALITY FORMATION IN WINTER WHEAT

Abstract

The influence of various natural and economic factors on the genetically determined characteristics of varieties in the conditions of a specific region determines the most suitable varieties for cultivation in certain climatic conditions. Purpose. The goal was to evaluate the peculiarities of the formation of grain productivity and quality depending on varietal and environmental variability. Methods: In the conditions of the scientific research field of the scientific and educational center of practical training of the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, the assessment of 15 winter wheat varieties of ukrainian breeding from various scientific research institutions of Ukraine and of the world was carried out. The test plots of the experiment were placed in a regular manner with a seeding scheme in triplicate, an area of 10 m2 each. The yield, its structure, the content of protein in the grain, the content of protein components were evaluated. Results. The yield parameter depended both on the realization of the potential of the variety and on the year of cultivation. According to the results of the study, the varieties Attribute, Epithet, Epos, Jubilo, Janis, MIP Darunok, and MIP Viznaka were more suitable from the point of view of high yield. The year 2022 was more contrasting for the trait, 2021 and 2023 were sharply different from each other, but they are characterized by a lower differentiating ability for this set of varieties. In order to group by yield and classify varieties depending on variability in weather conditions by year, a cluster analysis was conducted, which identified the varieties Attribute, Epithet, Epos, Jubilo, Janis, MIP Darunok, MIP Viznaka, ZU Shamal, but one of them, ZU Shamal, are not completely stable in the manifestation of this trait. In more productive varieties, mixed formation of yield is observed. According to the analysis of grain quality, the varieties Attribute, Epithet, Epos, Jubilo, MIP Darunok, MIP Viznaka, ZU Shamal form both high productivity and good quality. The variety ZU Willem can be used as a high-quality donor. Findings. The studied set of 15 varieties showed the presence of a large number of promising forms for use in the climatic conditions of the Dnipropetrovsk region. With a combination of high yield and sufficient quality parameters, it is possible to grow the varieties Attribute, Epithet, Epos, Jubilo, MIP Darunok, MIP Viznaka, ZU Shamal. The variety Attribute was the unequivocal leader in terms of yield qualities, the variety ZU Shamal was the least stable among them.