Modern methods of soil remediation. Phytoremediation as a key to soil purification and ecosystem preservation
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficiency
and potential of phytoremediation technologies in
the restoration and purification of soils contaminated by
heavy metals and other pollutants to reduce the negative
impact on natural and anthropogenic ecosystems due to
the war in Ukraine.
Methods: The research methods included a review of
literature sources reflecting the use of modern scientific
approaches to analyze the impact of heavy metals on ecosystems
and to assess the effectiveness of phytoremediation.
Results: The literature review analysis showed that phytoremediation methods are the most promising for the conditions in Ukraine. Various laboratory and field studies were used to determine the ability of hyperaccumulator plants to absorb heavy metals from contaminated soils. The results of studies by many scientists have shown that some plants, such as Miscanthus giganteus and Pisum sativum, have high potential for use in phytoremediation measures.They can effectively absorb heavy metals and other pollutants from the soil, contributing to its purification and restoration. Additionally, the use of such plants can have additional economic benefits, for example, in the production ofbioethanol or other bioenergy resources. Conclusions: When planning phytoremediation measures, it is necessary to consider both the type of contamination and the possibility of further use of biomass. This will allow not only effective soil purification but also provide additional economic benefits and minimize health risks to the population. Phytoremediation, as a method of restoring contaminated areas, has significant potential for ecosystem preservation and sustainable agricultural development in Ukraine. The use of hyperaccumulator plants can significantly reduce the concentration of heavy metals in soils, which will contribute to the restoration of biodiversity and improve the ecological state of affected areas. Future research should focus on optimizing phytoremediation methods for different types of soils and pollutants, as well as exploring the possibilities of integrating these methodsinto general environmental restoration programs and sustainable land use practices.
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