Efficiency of sweet, sudan and broom sorghum varieties using as pollinators for high yield hybrids breeding in the Steppe zone of Ukraine

M.H. Nosov

doi:10.32848/agrar.innov.2024.23.36

M.H. Nosov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6649-905X

DOI: https://doi.org/10.32848/agrar.innov.2024.23.36

Keywords: bioenergy, solid biofuel, sorghum varieties and hybrids, yield, green mass, dry matter.

Abstract

Purpose. Sorghum is considered a strategic crop in the supply of raw materials for the bioenergy industry, therefore the main goal of the study was to determine the effectiveness of using sugar sorghum (Silosne 42), Sudanese (Strateya) and vine sorghum (Karlykove 45 and Krasen) as pollinators for obtaining high-yielding hybrids in the conditions of the northern part of the Steppe zones of Ukraine. Methods. Varietal testing of sorghum was carried out at the Synelnykiv selection and research station of the Institute of Grain Crops of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, where 68 variety samples were studied, which had a yield of green mass in the range of 23–79 t/ha. Indicators of green mass yield and dry matter content were determined. The area of plots in the nursery for research was 7 m2, the repetition of the experiment was three times. Results. In the field experiment, 17 initial varieties and hybrids of grain and sugar sorghum were studied. In the three newly created hybrids F1 (Nyzkorosle 93s x Karlykove 45), F1 (Early 776s × Karlykove 45) and F1 (DN 71s × Karlykove 45), the most effective pollinator to ensure the highest yield (65.6–71.7 t/ha) turned out to be the variety Karlykove 45. Sorghum Sudanese hybrid Stratea showed efficiency for obtaining a yield of 54.6-65.5 t/ha in combinations F1(DN 19s × Stratea) and F1(DN 17s × Stratea). The variety Karlykove 45 can be recommended as a valuable pollinator for creating hybrids that can be used as solid biofuel. According to the dry matter content of sorghum biomass, the highest values were obtained in: F1 (Nyzkorosle 93s × Karlykove 45) – 45.0 t/ha, F1 (Kafrske korm. 186s × Krasen) – 41.4 t/ha, F1 (Dn71s × Karlykove 45) – 33.3 t/ha, F1 (Dn17s × Strategy) – 32.0 t/ha. Conclusions. It was determined that the F1 (Nyzkorosle 93s x Karlykove 45) hybrid of the bioenergy direction of use is the highest in terms of the yield of green mass and the content of dry matter. The value of the Karlykove 45 variety as a pollinator in the creation of sorghum hybrids for use as solid biofuel has been established.

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