Influence of different systems of biological plant protection on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain in organic farming

Abstract

Biological technologies of grain production in Ukraine have the potential for the sustainable development of agriculture and satisfy the needs of consumers in ecologically clean and high-quality food. Purpose. The purpose of the work is to generalize the results of research on the influence of protective biological preparations on the productivity of winter wheat during organic farming in the south of Ukraine. Methods. Field studies were conducted in 2021–2023 at the Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture of NAAS on soft winter wheat crops in a six-season organic crop rotation (peas – soft winter wheat – chickpeas – durum wheat – flax – millet) according to generally accepted methods and guidelines. Research results. Positive results of the influence of biological protection systems on the yield of winter wheat plants were obtained. It was found that on average over three years of research, biological defense systems contributed to a reliable preservation of yield at the level of 0.42–0.70 t/ha. The best results were obtained in the variants where biological products were used in the plant protection system of the Institute of ITI “Biotechnics” and IAMAP NAAS, as well as BTU-Center LLC, where the yield was 3.91 and 3.88 t/ha, respectively, which is 21.8 and 20.8% higher than the control variant (without the use of protection products). Also, high grain weight at the level of 754 g/l with a maximum weight of 1000 grains of 37.2 g was formed by plants with the use of complex biological protection of ITI “Biotechnics” and ISMAV NAAS. Conclusions. Biological preparations of the Engineering and Technological Institute “Biotechnics” of NAAS (Fluorescin BT, Biospectr BT and Metarizin BT), Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and Agroindustrial Production (IASMAP) of NAAS (Diazophyt, Chemist and Polymyxobacterin), BTU-Center LLC (Organic Balance, Azotophyte and Enposam) and Organic Synthesis LLC (Zhiva M Synthesis and Phytoimmun Synthesis) contribute to the preservation of 0.70, 0.67 and 0.42 t/ha of good quality winter wheat grain, respectively.