FORMATION OF MARKETABLE YIELD AND PRODUCT QUALITY OF BROCCOLI DEPENDING ON FERTILIZER

Abstract

Research is devoted to the study of the regularity of formation of yield and quality of broccoli cabbage depending on the application of different rates of mineral fertilizers in combination with foliar top dressing with microfertilizers. Purpose: to investigate the yield structure of broccoli depending on fertilization in the conditions of the Left Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Methods: laboratory, field, mathematical and statistical. The research was conducted during 2021-2023 at the research field of the State Biotechnological University. The soil and climatic conditions of the field are typical for the Left Bank Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. The research was conducted with the Agassi F1 early maturing hybrid of broccoli. Mineral fertilizers were used to fertilize the experimental plots, according to the experiment scheme: nitroammophoska (16:16:16) and ammonium nitrate (34.4) and microfertilizers for foliar feeding: Idamine-boron-molybdenum and Plantafol 10.54.10. Mineral fertilizers were used for spring cultivation. Results. The period from planting to technical maturity was 65 to 74 days. Variants with fertilizer reached technical ripeness 6-9 days earlier, compared to the control variant without fertilizer. The application of fertilizers had a positive effect on the growth of broccoli cabbage plants, which was reflected in an increase in biometric indicators. The use of mineral fertilizers in the norm N120P90K90 in combination with foliar fertilization with microfertilizer Plantafol 10.54.10 ensured a larger diameter of the stem – 30.9 mm, the number of leaves – 16.0 pcs. The use of fertilizers increases yield, improves the marketability and quality of the crop. The yield of the tested variants was in the range of 9.1-13.5 t/ha and was higher in the N120P90K90 variant in combination with foliar fertilizing with Idamineboron- molybdenum microfertilizer. An increase in fertilizer rates decreased the content of some components of the biochemical composition of broccoli heads. The content of nitrates was in the range of 40.6-51.8 mg/ kg, which did not exceed the MPL (400 mg/kg of raw weight). Conclusions. A higher yield at the level of 13.5 tons and marketability of the crop at the level of 97 % was obtained when fertilizing with mineral fertilizers nitroammophos and ammonium nitrate at the rate of N120P90K90 in combination with foliar fertilizing with microfertilizer Idamine-boron-molybdenum.