Peculiarities of epimutagens Triton-305X influence on winter wheat plants

Abstract

Genetic improvement of winter wheat through the use of mutational changes makes it possible to create fundamentally new forms in a fairly limited period of time, which are carriers of unique or limitedly distributed traits in this crop due to poor recombination. Purpose. The research is directed on identifying the problematic effects of mutagenic depression at the first generation for practically-value concentrations of the Triton-305X epimutagen and investigation of the genotype-mutagenic interaction. Methods: The seeds of winter wheat varieties Farrell, NE 12443, Ronin, Sailor were treated with water solution of Triton-X-305 in concentrations of 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, the control was water. For each treatment 1000 grains of winter wheat were taken. Exposure to epimutagen was 24 hours. The experiment was sown by hand, in the first generation germination and survival after the winter period were monitored in separate variants. The level of sterility was determined by staining pollen samples with acetocarmine and the yield structure was analyzed. Results. Parameters of the ontogenesis of increased activity of the factor due to an increase in the level of depression, but the effect is moderate and does not lead to a decrease in vital activity to the level of LD50 or RD50. The maximum effect resulted in a symptom deterioration of 66% from the control (NE 12443), the most tolerant were varieties the Sailor and Farrell, for which the effect remained at a moderate level (70–80%). The increase in pollen sterility was strongly influenced by the effect of TX-305, but except for the case of NE 12443, it was again at a moderate level at the maximum concentration. The indicator is significantly more variable. Depression in the first generation due to signs of yield structure was manifested only in accordance with the change in mutagen concentration, there was no difference in varieties. Concentrations are moderate, not reaching the level of RD50. The significance of the influence of the characteristics of germination, survival, fertility, characteristics of the yield structure, height, grain weight from the main spike and TGW was reliably shown. Findings. The depressive manifestation of TX-305 as an epimutagenic factor in the vast majority of cases remains at a moderate level. The action is typical for a chemical supermutagen with a lower damaging capacity, it has a specific character in the manifestation of survival and fertility traits, but in contrast to them, it demonstrated a significant genotype- mutagenic interaction only for the first group of traits (ontogenetic parameters) and mainly for varieties NE 12443 and Saylor. A characteristic feature of the action is its delayed nature.