PECULIARITIES OF YIELD FORMATION FOR MODERN VARIETIES OF WALNUT UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE ZONE OF UNSTABLE PRECIPITATIONS
Abstract
The intensification of the production of nut products in the conditions of the zone of unstable moisture is of exceptional importance for the development of the agricultural industry in the conditions of the region, which is predetermined by the exceptional properties and consumption value of nut products as an integral component of a complete human diet. Purpose. The aim was to establish the features of yield formation of four varieties of buckwheat and to determine the influence of photosynthetic activity and the efficiency of semi-intensive crown formation on productivity indicators. Methods. Field experiments were conducted during 2020–2022, samples were taken in triplicate at the walnut test plots of LLC Agromag v. Znamenivka of the Novomoskovsk district of the Dnipropetrovsk region. Four walnut varieties Promin, Alminsky, Chandler, Slava Ukraine were studied. The record of the nut harvest was carried out by continuous divisional harvesting, the planting scheme was 4 by 10 of each variety (4 × 5). Circumcision was performed using a semi-intensive method. Results. Genotypic variability was significant, annual growth rates were even more significant. The variety Promin stood out significantly from the other varieties, the variety Alminsky occupied an intermediate position, on the same level, but significantly inferior to the other varieties, were the varieties Slava Ukraine and Chandler. It is the efficiency of the processing of solar energy of the central part that prevails in the more productive variety Promin, the intermediate position between the varieties Promin and Slava Ukraine is held by the variety Alminsky, followed by the varieties Chandler and Slava Ukraine. There is no significant variability in the upper and lower thirds by genotypes. According to the mechanism of use of the incoming world energy, the studied varieties are divided into two groups. The first group included the variety Promin, which formed a significantly higher yield and showed significantly higher indicators, the second group included all other varieties Alminsky, Chandler, Slava Ukraine. Conclusions. It is the central part of the crown with semi-intensive pruning that is of key importance in the use of solar radiation for the formation of marketable nuts. This type is most suitable for the same variety of Promin. The intensive variety did not show a high yield or any additional distinctive advantages. High productivity is primarily evidenced by photosynthetic activity, but it is a fairly rough criterion for evaluating productivity.
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