COMBINING ABILITY OF NEW POPCORN LINES (ZEA MAYS L. EVERTA STURT.)
Abstract
The effectiveness of selection work with popcorn (Zea mays everta Sturt.) depends on elite lines on the basis of which competitive hybrids with high technological indicators of grain are created. Popping expansion is an important technological indicator of popcorn grain. The aim of the study was to identify popcorn lines with high combining ability for the traits “yield” and “expansion” and establish heritability estimates of these traits. The starting material for conducting research was the popcorn lines created in the laboratory of corn selection for food use of the SE Institute of Grain Crops of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. To determine the combining ability, 46 new lines of popcorn were crossed with 4 testers. The study of 170 three-line hybrids took place at the Sinelnikovska, breeding and research station during 2021–2022. Based on the results of the conducted research, it was established that popcorn hybrids had high potential for yield and popping expansion. RS 19, RK 72, RP 36, RR 6, RR 7, IKR 11-3, IKR 11-9 and IKR 15-2 lines had stably high values of the effects of the total combining ability (GCА) by yield. The largest number of lines with a high GCA was obtained from the hybrid Snow Puff Popcorn F1, and with a low GCA was obtained from the Japanese Hulless White Popcorn variety. RS 3, RK 7, RK 72, RP 72, IKR 8-2, IKR 36-3, IKR 75-1 lines demonstrated stably high values of the effects of GCA by popping extension. The hybrids Creme Puff Corn F1 and Pick and Pop Popcorn F1 were the best source material for obtaining lines with a high GCA by popping expansion, while the Red River Valley Popcorn variety was the worst. Only the RK 72 line had consistently high effects of GCА on both traits, which makes it indispensable for the selection of competitive popcorn hybrids with high technological grain indicators. According to the results of the research, it was established that the heritability estimate H2 (in the broad sense) for the yield trait was equal to 0.88 and 0.81, and for popping expansion – 0.89 and 0.91, while the heritability estimate h2 (in the narrow sense) – 0.40 and 0.43 and 0.35 and 0.37, respectively. Therefore, hereditary factors have a predominant influence on the phenotypic variability of the investigated traits. It was established that the popping expansion of the grain is controlled by the non-additive effect of genes, at the same time, the yield is influenced by additive and non-additive genetic factors.
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