WATER REGIME AND YIELD OF TOMATOES UNDER SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION
Abstract
Purpose of the research. To study the influence of parameters of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) technology of organic seedling tomato on water regime of the soil, growth processes and plant productivity. Methods. Shortterm field experiment, analytical and statistical methods of experimental data processing. The results of the research. Subsurface drip irrigation is considered a key factor in the cultivation of organic tomatoes in the conditions of the Steppe of Ukraine. This type of irrigation minimizes weed growth and the development of pathogens. Field experimental studies were conducted in 2019–2021 within the land use of the “Agro League” Private Enterprise. A feature of the field experiment is the production conditions within the 150-hectare massif. The area under the production test plots corresponded to the irrigation modules of the SDI system: the variant with the depth of laying irrigation pipelines (IP) of 10 cm – 8,6 ha, and with the depth of laying of IP 25 cm – 8,2 ha. The results of experimental studies showed that the depth of laying irrigation pipelines (IP) reliably influenced both the production processes of seedling tomato plants and the formation of the water regime of the soil. Evapotranspiration, depending on the test options, was: 6,84 thousand m3/ha and 6,72 thousand m3/ha in 2019, 6,38 thousand m3/ha and 6,15 thousand m3/ha in 2020 and 7,74 and 7,75 thousand m3/ha during 2021 when laying IP at 10 cm and 25 cm, respectively. It was established that the higher intensity of growth processes and crop productivity was provided by the laying of IP to a depth of 25 cm. Significantly lower values were obtained for the conditions of subsurface drip irrigation with the laying of IP to a depth of 10 cm. Conclusions. It has been proven that different designs of subsurface drip irrigation systems, namely, the depth of laying irrigation pipelines, reliably influenced the parameters of plant growth and development, the structure of the crop, and the yield of seedling tomatoes. It was determined that the laying of IP to a depth of 25 cm is more expedient than to a depth of 10 cm. Systematic observations of the dynamics of the moisture of the root layer of the soil and the evapotranspiration of plants showed that the implementation of this option formed a more optimal water regime of the soil (80–100% of the MMHC of the soil) and significantly less moisture was lost to physical evaporation, which is unproductive losses. Over the three years of research, the average yield of tomatoes when laying IP to a depth of 25 cm was 72,63 t/ha, while when IP was laid to a depth of 10 cm – 55,87 t/ha.
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