FACTORS OF INTENSIFICATION AND GREENING OF SUNFLOWER CULTIVATION

Abstract

Goal. Determining the main environmental risks with large sunflower sowing areas in Ukraine and establishing ecologically safe factors influencing the formation of high sunflower yields. Methods. Research was carried out by studying literary sources on ecologically safe sunflower cultivation. The results. Unreasonable increase in sunflower acreage with a violation of its share in the structure of arable land, intensive farming with the use of high rates of mineral fertilizers and synthetic pesticides leads to soil pollution with toxic substances and, as a result, to the production of low-quality and dangerous food products. In order to stabilize the balance between intensive agriculture and rational use of land resources, it is necessary to improve agricultural methods of growing crops, in particular, to choose the right varieties and hybrids, to observe crop rotations, the optimal share of sunflower in the structure of sown areas, to ensure rational nutrition of plants due to the use of microfertilizers, foliar fertilization, and the cultivation of siderates , complete return of plant residues to the soil, optimization of crop protection against harmful organisms. Conclusions. The article highlights the results of monitoring sunflower acreage in Ukraine and in the world, investigates the share of sunflower in the structure of acreage and substantiates its share in accordance with scientific requirements; agro-ecological problems arising from oversaturation of crop rotation with sunflower crops are presented. The main factors of the intensification of sunflower cultivation are described: hybrids, elements of cultivation technology, the influence of fertilizers and pesticides on yield and soil fertility potential. Types of biological preparations with growth-stimulating and stressresistant action and prospects for their use in sunflower agrocenoses are given.