PECULIARITIES OF REALIZATION OF POTENTIAL PRODUCTIVITY AND GRAIN QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES

Abstract

The imbalance in the influence of various natural and agricultural factors and their interaction in the region determine the differences in the total productivity and quality of grain in different genotypes. Purpose. The goal was to identify the limits of variability in genotypes depending on the ecological conditions of the environment with an unstable manifestation of climatic conditions in the aspect of the formation of yield and quality of grain.. Methods: Under the conditions of the scientific research field of the scientific and educational center of practical training of the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, the evaluation of 8 varieties of Ukrainian winter wheat from various research institutions Podolyanka, Gospodarka, Sotnytsia, Argument, Bodycek, Azano, Daria, Balitus was carried out. The test plots of the experiment were placed in a regular manner with a seeding scheme in three repetitions, an area of 10 m2 each. The yield, its structure, the content of protein in the grain, the content of protein components were evaluated. Results. We conducted an assessment of economic suitability based on the advantages of this trait in the varieties Bodycek, Azano, Daria, Balitus. such varieties as Bodycek, Azano significantly exceeded the yield standard, which, according to the results of three years of testing, yielded the yield standard, the intermediate position was occupied by the variety Balitus. The data indicate the key role of grain performance in crop formation. In the varieties Bodycek, Azano, Balitus, higher yield is formed due to higher productive bushiness. Strong wheat varieties include Argument, Bodycek, Azano, Balitus. Bodycek, Azano form both high productivity and high quality. As a variety with a complex of high grain productivity, but unstable in the conditions of the region, and quality in all components, the variety Balitus can be used, and the variety Argument as a source of quality. Findings. The studied set of 8 varieties showed a higher yield than the standard variety Podolyanka in the conditions of the research field in two varieties Bodycek, Azano and according to the analysis of individual years of cultivation, none of the varieties consistently exceeded the standard under any conditions. The higher grain productivity of the variety was formed due to the high weight of the grain from the plant and TGW. Due to the combination of increased yield with high baking qualities, the varieties Bodycek and Azano, which form yield and quality at a high level, stood out in the first place.