Disturbance of ontogenesis parameters in the first generation of winter wheat under the action of sodium azide

Abstract

The use and research of new supermutagens for the purpose of inducing hereditary changes in cereal crops is relevant for increasing the stability of grain crops agrocenoses in terms of yield and quality. Purpose. The aim was to show the likely depressive consequences of the action of the mutagen sodium azide for the first generation of winter soft wheat plant varieties in terms of germination, survival, sterility, parameters of the yield structure in order to establish a satisfactory protocol for the action of individual concentrations of the mutagen to obtain the required amount of plant material. Methods: Seeds 8 winter wheat varieties of Balaton, Borovytsia, Zeleny Gai, Zoloto Ukrainy, Kalancha, Niva Odeska, Polyanka, Pochayna were treated with a solution of the chemical mutagen sodium azide in concentrations 0,01%, 0,025%, 0,05%, 0,1%. Germination, survival, and fertility of pollen grains were evaluated in the M1 generation, and the parameters of the yield structure were analyzed. Results. It was established that the action of sodium azide is significantly stronger from the point of view of manifestation of mutagenic depression than that of previously studied chemical mutagens. As a rule, with an increase in the concentration of the mutagen, the indicators of ontogenesis and yield structure decrease linearly, but options are possible for some varieties under the influence of a concentration of sodium azide of 0.01%. Also, the use of sodium azide even in moderate concentrations leads to a significant delay in the onset of individual phenophases, regardless of the nature of the action of the original form. Sodium azide in a concentration of 0.01% was determined by its action as semi-lethal. Features of the course of ontogenesis under the influence of this factor can have a genotype-specific character. Among the parameters of the structure based on the reproduction of mutagenic depression, the most reliable plant height, TGW, and grain weight from the main spike stood out. The weight of the grain from the plant as a whole varies in accordance with the increase in concentration in general, but sometimes its reaction differs within the boundaries of a separate genotype. Findings. Sodium azide as a mutagen showed a rather high damaging capacity for a chemical supermutagen by the manifestation of depression according to monitoring indicators. Reliable parameters for establishing the fact of mutagenic depression, depending on the concentration and genotype, are germination and survival, growth, pollen sterility, plant height, grain weight from the main spike, weight of a thousand grains. Genotypemutagenic interaction in terms of the manifestation of depression is determined in two effects increased death after the overwintering period for some varieties and lower variability for the trait of grain weight from the plant. Factors genotype and mutagen concentration under the action of this supermutagen are always statistically significant for model traits.