Genetic resources of plants are an important basis for the selection of new varieties
Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of the research is to select from the researched numbers valuable samples in terms of economic properties for their further use in the selection process when creating new varieties. Methods. Experiments were conducted in the selective crop rotation fields of the selection department of the Institute of Climate-oriented Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences during 2020–2022. Research methods are field, laboratory, statistical. The field work included the layout of the experimental site and field work. The laboratory method was used to analyze plants and assess the structure of the crop. Research results were calculated using a statistical method. Results. Over the course of three years, four new samples of cultivated soybeans were studied in the collection nursery – UKR00600870 Eurydice, UKR00600871 Aurora, UKR00600872 Southern Star, UKR00600873 Orpheus under irrigation conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. Based on the results of the research, the sources of valuable features are selected. Samples UKR006:00870 Eurydice, UKR006:00873 Orpheus, UKR006:00871 Aurora, UKR006:00872 Southern Star were characterized by a "short" germination-full maturity period (104–109 days); UKR00:600872 Southern star – "large" height of attachment of the lower bean above the soil level (12.8 cm); UKR00:600871 Aurora – "extremely high performance" (34.8 g). A complex of economic and valuable traits was possessed by UKR006:00872 Southern Star – a short vegetation period of seedlings-full maturity and a "large" height of attachment of the lower bean above the soil level and UKR00:600871 Aurora – a "short" vegetation period of seedlings-full maturity and "extremely high productivity". Conclusions. As a result of the research carried out in the irrigation conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine, the soybean sample UKR00600871 Aurora stood out, which possessed the closest relationships between the elements of productivity and the mass of seeds from the plant, almost at the level of the standard variety UD0201975 Danaya, including: with "the number of nodes on the plant" – r=0.90, "the diameter of the 1st internode" r=0.79, "the number of beans and seeds on the main stem" r=0.82-0.71, "all seeds from the plant" r= 0.93. Common for all samples, the closest relationship between the mass and the number of seeds per plant was observed, which was in the range of r=0.77–0.93. UKR006:00872 Southern Star possessed a complex of economic and valuable traits – a short vegetation period, seedlings-full ripeness and a "large" height of attachment of the lower bean above the soil level.
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