Estimation of drought resistance of alfalfa populations by seed use in the year of sowing
Abstract
Purpose. Assess the response of alfalfa varieties and populations in different environments and determine the best not only in terms of drought resistance, but also in terms of productivity under stress with their subsequent use in the breeding process. Methods. The research was conducted at the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of NAAS (Ukraine, Kherson, Naddnipryanske village, 46° 44'50.1" N 32° 42'30.0" E), located on the Ingulets irrigated massif, during 2017‒2019 in the field. Lucerne varieties and populations were studied. Productivity and drought resistance were determined using the following indices: average yield (MP), drought tolerance index (SSI), drought tolerance index (TOL), yield stability index (YSI), yield index (YI), stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean (proportional) yield (GMP), relative drought resistance index (RDI), drought resistance index (DI), stress tolerance index (SSPI), modified stress tolerance indices (M1STI, M2STI, MSTI), abiotic tolerance index (ATI), harmonic average performance (HMP) and stress resilience index (ISR). Results. Weather conditions over the years of research differed both in temperature and in the amount and nature of precipitation, which made it possible to analyze alfalfa varieties and populations for seed productivity for resistance to stressful (arid) growing conditions. The lowest drought susceptibility indices (SSI) were characterized by populations of M.g. / CP-11, J. / CP-11 and T. / Emeraude with indicators of 0.83, 0.85 and 0.88. Two populations had the highest YSI: J. / CP-11 and M.g. / CPU-11 with indicators of 0.41-0.42. They were also characterized by high relative drought resistance (RDI) with index values of 1.35 and 1.40, respectively. In addition, the population of M.g. / CP-11 was characterized by high values of a number of indices: yield (YI) - 159.3, stress tolerance (STI) ‒ 0.55, geometric mean yield (GMP) ‒ 237, drought resistance (DI) ‒ 0.68, harmonious productivity (HMP) ‒ 217, stress resistance (ISR) ‒ 468 and modified stress tolerance indices (M1STI, M2STI and MSTI) ‒ 0.71, 1.40 and 1.00, respectively. Conclusions. Nine indices were selected for correlation analysis: SSI, YI, YSI, DI, RDI, M2STI, MSTI, HMP and ISR. According to the drought resistance indices and biplot analysis, the population of J. / CP-11 was selected, which reacts the weakest to the deterioration of humidification conditions.
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