Estimation of drought resistance of alfalfa populations for fodder use in the year of sowing by mathematical indices
Abstract
Purpose. To evaluate the reaction of varieties, populations of alfalfa in different environments and determine the best not only for drought resistance but also for productivity under stress with their subsequent use in the breeding process. Methods. The research was conducted at the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of NAAS (Ukraine, Kherson, Naddnipryanske village, 46 ° 44’50.1 “N 32 ° 42’30.0” E), located on the Ingulets irrigated massif, during 2017‒2019 in the field. Lucerne varieties and populations were studied. Productivity and drought resistance were determined using the following indices: average yield (MP), drought tolerance index (SSI), drought tolerance index (TOL), yield stability index (YSI), yield index (YI), stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean (proportional) yield (GMP), relative drought resistance index (RDI), drought resistance index (DI), stress tolerance index (SSPI), modified stress tolerance indices (M1STI, M2STI, MSTI), abiotic tolerance index (ATI), Harmonic Average Performance (HMP) and Stress Resilience Index (ISR). Results. Weather conditions over the years of research differed both in temperature and in the amount and nature of precipitation, which made it possible to analyze alfalfa varieties and populations for seed productivity for resistance to stressful (arid) growing conditions. The Drought Sensitivity Index (SSI) characterizes the sensitivity of a genotype to drought, namely: the lower the index, the greater the drought resistance of the genotype. The lowest rates were in populations: A.r. d. – 0.83, FHNV2 – 0.87 and J. / CP-11 – 0.89. The highest level of yield stability index (YSI) was demonstrated by three populations: A.r. d. (0.30), FHNV2 (0.26) and J. / CP-11 (0.24), which showed a high yield index (YI) with indicators of 196.8; 187.37 and 166.65, respectively. The first two of them were the best in terms of geometric average yields (GMP = 3.84 and 3.92,). Populations of A.r. d., FHNV2 and J. / CP-11 were distinguished by the indices of relative drought resistance (RDI), drought resistance (DI) and harmonic productivity (HMP) with indicators: 1.99 and 1.73, 1.73, 0.5842 and 0.4836 and 3.22 and 3.16, respectively. High indicators of the stress resistance index (ISR = 4.23) characterized the population of A.r. d., which had the highest yield (2.09 kg/m2) under stress and average (7.04 kg/m2) under irrigation. Conclusions. Analyzing the obtained data on drought resistance indices and biplot analysis in alfalfa populations of the first year of life on forage productivity, the population of A.r. d., which responds least to deteriorating humidification conditions and population B.11 / P. d. – demanding to humidification conditions.
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