THE INTENSITY OF POTATO TUBERIZATION IN VITRO DEPENDING ON THE DURATION OF THE PHOTOPERIOD AND LEVEL OF NITROGEN NUTRITION
Abstract
Purpose. To determine the most optimal regime of the middle-ripening potato variety Nevska tuberization in vitro depending on the duration of the photoperiod and level of nitrogen nutrition to increase the yield of healthy seed material. Methods: comprehensive use of laboratory, mathematical-statistical, computational-comparative meth-ods and system analysis. Results. The experimental data are presented the effect of the duration of the photoper-iod and level of nitrogen nutrition on the growth, develop-ment and productivity of potatoes in vitro of the mid ear-ly-season variety Nevska. Observation of plant growth and tuberization rate showed that the number of plants with micro-tubers on the twentieth day of observations against the background of a ten-hour photoperiod was 2.9 %, and for a sixteen-hour period – 0.4 %. But already on he 40th day, this figure was 34.8 and 12.5 %, respectively, and on the 60th – 73.3 and 54.0 %. It was established that the addition of a full norm of nitrogen to the nutrient medium contributed to an increase in the formation of the number of internodes by plants in vitro in the first 20 days of growth and development by 5.8 %, and in the 40th and 60th days – by 18.3 and 12.1 %, respectively. The plant height was 11.3–17.4 % greater during the entire cultivation period than in the absence of nitrogen in the nutrient medium. However, the intensity of tuberization with the addition of ½ norm of nitrogen was the highest and amounted to 99.4 %. An analysis of the data shows that under sixteen-hour illu-mination, on average, the weight of micro-tubers increased by 21.1 % compared to ten hours, and the weight of tubers from one plant increased by 26.0 %. The number of formed micro-tubers per plant in the context of the experiment ranged from 0.9 to 1.2 pcs. with the highest value recorded during cultivation on a nutrient medium with the addition of ½ norm of nitrogen at a 16-hour photoperiod. Conclusions. The maximum productivity of the investments at the deter-mination of the optimum elements of growing technology of microtubers of the middle-ripening potato variety Nevska in vitro culture was obtained at the illumination of 16 hours, on the medium with a half of the norm of nitrogen. The num-ber of microtubers per plant – 1.2 pc., the mass of an aver-age microtuber – 247.6 mg, the mass of the microtubers per plant – 283.2 mg.
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