Drip irrigation resourcesaving technology of intensive sweet cherry trees planting
Abstract
Aim of the research is a development of the technological process of intensive sweet cherry trees planting drip irrigation, based on a comprehensive approach to the choice of a rational irrigation regime to optimize the production processes of the trees under resources saving. Мethods. The research was carried out at MelitopolResearch Fruit Growing Station named after M.F. Sydorenko Institute of Horticulture NAAS during 2016-2020 in young sweet cherry trees plantations of 2015 planting according to the requirements of "Methodology of conducting field research with fruit crops". Soil humidity was determined in the dynamics according to the thermostat-weighted method. The scheme of the experiment included variants with the appointment of irrigation by the calculation method at 50%, 70%, and 100% compensation of evapotranspiration (ЕТ0) and with maintaining the soil moisture at 70% of the least soil moisture in the soil layer of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 m. Results. Compensation of evapotranspiration at the level of 75% ЕТ0 causes the maintenance of soil moisture not lower than 67–70% of the least soil moisture in the soil layer of 0.6 m. Deviation of irrigation norms between this variant and under the maintenance of pre-irrigation moisture level at 70% of the least soil moisture in the same soil level do not exceed 6%. A close correlation dependence was established between the actual moisture consumption at pre-irrigation moisture at 70% of the least soil moisture and the calculated evaporation rates at 75% ЕТ0 (r2=0,92). The results showed that in the conditions of southern light loam black soil for 15 hours of irrigation (irrigation rate – 58 m3/ ha) the depth of soil moisture was 0.93 m, diameter – 0.74 m. The moment of the maximum moisture zone formation is a period of 12 hours after watering. Three days after watering there is a significant reduction in all parameters of the moisture circuit in the vertical and horizontal positions. The maximum moisture area was only 9.4% of the feeding area of one tree. Conclusions. The expediency of watering for 75% ЕТ0 is proved in order to increase efficiency and reduce water consumption. This irrigation regime ensures the maintenance of soil moisture in the layer of 0.6 m not lower than 70% of the least soil moisture, and the deviation of irrigation norms relative to pre-irrigation moisture at 70% of the least soil moisture does not exceed 6%. Its use increases the productivity of sweet cherry trees and raises the efficiency of irrigation. The parameters and dynamics of the contour formation of the southern light loam black soil humidification in sweet cherry plantations are substantiated.
References
2. Tan Q., Zhang, S., Li R. Optimal Use of Agricultural Water and Land Resources through Reconfiguring Crop Planting Structure under Socioeconomic and Ecological Objectives. Water. 2017. Vol. 9, is. 7. Р. 488.
1. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9070488.
2. Monteleone S., de Moraes E. A., Maia R. F. Analysis of the variables that affect the intention to adopt Precision Agriculture for smart water management in Agriculture 4.0 context. Global IoT Summit (GIoTS), Aarhus, Denmark. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/GIOTS.2019.8766384.
3. Малюк Т. В., Козлова Л. В., Пчолкіна Н. Г. Ефективність краплинного зрошення молодих інтенсивних насаджень черешні на півдні України. Зрошуване землеробство. 2020. № 73. С. 51-55.
4. Sanjay Singh Chouhan, Awasthi M. K., Nema R. K., Koshta L. D. Soil moisture distribution under different lateral and dripper spacing of surface drip irrigation system in clay loam soil. International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology Citation: IJAEB. 2015. No 8(3). P. 743-751. DOI Number: 10.5958/2230-732X.2015.00082.0
5. Liao Renkuan, Wu Wenyong, Hu Yaqi, Xu Di, Huang Qiannan, Wang Shiyu. Micro-irrigation strategies to improve water-use efficiency of cherry trees in Northern China. Agricultural Water Management. 2019. Vol. 221(C). P. 388-396.
6. Pingfeng Li, Huang Tan, Jiahang Wang, Xiaoqing Cao, Peiling Yang Evaluation of Water Uptake and Root Distribution of Cherry Trees under Different Irrigation Methods. Water. 2019. No 11(3). P. 495. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11030495.
7. Овчинников А. С., Азарьева И. И. Особенности распространения влаги в контуре увлажнения при капельном орошении. Плодородие. 2010. № 1. С. 29-30.
8. Васильев С. М., Шкура А. С., Штанько В. Н. Очертание локальных зон увлажнения подкапельного почвенного пространства. Аграрный научный журнал. 2019. № 3. С. 65-71.
9. Шатковський А. П., Мінза Ф. А. Особливості формування зон зволоження ґрунту за краплинного зрошення яблуні. Наукові доповіді НУБіП. 2019. № 5 (81).
10. Ахметов А. Д., Темерев А. А., Галиуллина Е. Ю. Надежность систем капельного орошения. Известия Нижневолжского агроуниверситетского комплекса: наука и высшее профессиональное образование. 2010. № 3 (19). С. 83-88.
11. Ахметов А. Д. Расчет распространения влаги в почве при внутрипочвенном орошении. Основы достижения устойчивого развития сельского хозяйства: материалы междунар. науч.-практ. конф., посвящ. 60-летию образования ВГСХА. Волгоград, 2004. С. 137-138.
12. Водяницкий В. И., Расторгуев А. Б., Позднякова Т. П. Корневая система яблони при разных способах полива. Садоводство и виноградарство. 1998. № 3. С. 5-6.
13. Yin X., Seavert C., le Roux J. Responses of Irrigation Water Use and Productivity of Sweet Cherry to Single-Lateral Drip Irrigation and Ground Covers. Soil Science. 2011. No 176. Р. 39-47.
14. Forge T. A, Hogue E., Neilsen G., Neilsen D. Effects of organic mulches on soil microfauna in the root zone of apple: implications for nutrient fluxes and functional diversity of the soil food web. Applied Soil Ecology. 2003. Р. 34-54.
15. Stachowiak A., Bosiacki M., Świerczyński S. & Kolasiński M. Influence of rootstocks on different sweet cherry cultivars and accumulation of heavy metals in leaves and fruit. Hort. Sci. (Prague). 2014. No 42 (4). Р. 193-202.
16. Шумаков И. Б. Экологически обоснованные (дифференцированные) режимы орошения сельскохозяйственных культур. Мелиорация и водное хазяйство. 2000. № 6. С. 35-36.
17. Малюк Т. В., Козлова Л. В. Оперативне планування поливного режиму молодих насаджень черешні в умовах Південного Степу. Зрошуване землеробство. 2019. Вип. 71. С. 14-21
18. Шатковський А. П., Журавльов О. В. Черевичний Ю. О. Особливості формування та параметри зон зволоження ґрунтів за краплинного зрошення. Зрошуване землеробство. 2016. Вип. 65. C. 15-19.
