Water consumption of soybean plants depending on the variety, protection system
Abstract
Purpose. study of the effect of chemical and biological plant protection systems and water consumption of modern soybean varieties when grown under irrigation conditions. Methods. The research was carried out at the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of the NAAS on the Ingulets irrigated system using the soybean varieties Danae, Diona and Svyatogor. The system of plant protection against pests and diseases provided for three backgrounds: control – without the use of fungicides and insecticides; chemical – background; biological – background. The inoculation of the seed material was carried out with the Optimize preparation on the day of sowing with a consumption of 2.8 l/t. The harvesting and accounting of the crop was carried out by direct combining of the registration area using a Sampo 130 combine. Results. The moisture coefficient during the growing season of soybeans for the years of research was in the range of 0.11–0.37, which indicates the aridity of the climate, such indicators are typical for the natural semi-desert zone. Plants of the Danae variety consumed water more economically, the coefficient of water consumption, which, depending on the protection system, was 1546– 1672 m3/t. The varieties Diona and Svyatogor required 1748–1908 and 1732–1890 m3 of water for the formation of 1 ton of grain, respectively. Plant protection system, increases crop yields, positively affects the efficiency of water use. Based on the calculations, the lowest cost of grain of the Danae variety was when using a biological and chemical protection system, and amounted, respectively, to 7395.68 and 7243.10 UAH/t. Findings. A high income is ensured by the use of the Danae soybean variety in the biological protection system, while the cost of grain is the lowest and amounts to 6,675.15 UAH/t, the cost of grain was obtained on the Svyatogor variety in the chemical plant protection system – 6911.52 UAH/t and on the Diona variety in chemical – 7324.50 UAH/t. On these options, the highest conditionally net profit and the level of profitability were obtained – 13280 and 11520 UAH/ha, 60 and 55 %, respectively.
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