Substantiation of the effectiveness of pea protection measures against sucking pests in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to study the species composition of sucking pests on pea crops; assess the impact of damage caused by aphids on quality indicators; determine the biological (effectiveness of action) and economic efficiency of using modern insecticides for spraying pea plants against aphids. Research methods. A set of general scientific methods and approaches of empirical and theoretical knowledge was applied: abstract-logical, statistical, modeling, generalization. Research results. Spraying plants during the growing season significantly increased the biometric indicators of peas. Compared to the control, where spraying was not carried out, the plants in the experimental variants were better developed by an average of 4.0–6.5 %. The number of pest individuals was determined before treatment, on the 3rd, 7th day after spraying and before harvesting. Weather conditions during the research period were not favorable enough for the development of pests. However, their number during the ripening period was at the level of the economic threshold of pest activity (ETI), and on average was 403.5 individuals/100 sweeps of the net. Protection of pea crops with insecticides Karate Zeon 050 CS, KS with a consumption rate of 0.13 l/ha and Connect 112.5 SC, KS) – 0.5 l/ha, was the most reliable, the effectiveness of the action in the 10-day options was 62.5 and 63.2 %, respectively. Spraying pea plants against aphids with the drug Engio 247 SC, KS at a consumption rate of 0.18 l/ha, provided an efficiency of 55.4 %. In the growing seasons of 2023–2025, the number of beans on the plant, seeds in the beans and their weight in all variants of the experiment were not the same. The lowest, these indicators were in the control variant. In such areas, where pea seeds were sown unprocessed, 3.9–4.2 beans were tied on one plant, in which 3.2–4.0 seeds were formed, the weight of 1000 pieces did not exceed 198–203 g. The indicators of the structure of pea yield were significantly better in the variants where insecticidal plant protection was carried out. In such variants, each plant had an average of 4.2 beans, which contained 4.1 seeds. The weight of 1000 seeds in such samples increased to 205–213 g. The yield ranged from 2.616 to 2.755 c/ha, compared to 2.145 t/ha collected from control plots. Conclusions. The use of insecticides during the growing season provided a significant reduction in plant damage by aphids. The highest biological efficiency on the 7th–10th day after spraying was shown by preparations based on imidacloprid with beta-cyfluthrin and lambda-cyhalothrin, where the efficiency of action was 62.5–68.9 %, which significantly exceeded the control indicators. Treatment of crops with insecticides had a positive effect on biometric indicators of plants and elements of the crop structure: plant height, the number of beans per plant, the number of seeds in a bean and the weight of 1000 seeds increased. As a result, the yield of peas increased by 0.44–0.58 t/ha compared to the control. The highest economic indicators were obtained in variants using preparations based on imidacloprid with beta-cyfluthrin and lambda-cyhalothrin, where the yield was 2.79–2.80 t/ha versus 2.21 t/ha in the control, which indicates their economic feasibility in production conditions.