THE EFFECT OF AGROTECHNICAL PRACTICES ON THE BIOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)
Abstract
Aim. To determine the effect of various agrotechnicalpractices (fertilization, plant density) on the biometricparameters of sunflower hybrids of different maturitygroups when cultivated under the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
Methods. Field experiments were conducted atthe “Hryha” farming enterprise (Poltava district) during2024–2025. The soil of the experimental plot was a typicallow-humus, medium-loamy chernozem. The experimentaldesign involved the study of three factors: plant density (45,55, and 65 thousand plants per hectare), fertilization system(no fertilizers (control); Eurocereal (N₁₀P₂₄S₂₀B₀,₁Zn₀,₁);Duofertil (N₈P₃₀S₈Mg₂B₀,₁₅Zn₀,₁)), and hybrids (Evan,Oklahoma, SY Theos).
Results. It has been established that optimal conditionsfor the formation of the maximum leaf area are ensuredat a plant density of 45 thousand plants per hectare. Theapplication of fertilizers (Duofertil and Eurocereal) resultedin a slight increase in leaf area compared to the unfertilizedcontrol; however, this parameter was consistently higherin the Evan hybrid. The optimal plant density for achievingmaximum plant height was 55 thousand plants per hectare,at which most hybrids realized their growth potential. The application of complex mineral fertilizers increases plantheight; however, their efficiency depends on plant densityper unit area and the sunflower genotype. It has beenestablished that plants with larger stem and head diametersare formed at the lowest plant density (45 thousand plantsper hectare). At the same time, increasing plant densityintensified competition for essential growth factors, resultingin a decrease in both stem and head diameter.
Conclusions. The application of complex mineral fertilizers,in particular Duofertil and Eurocereal, resulted in a more developed leaf apparatus, increased plant height,stem and head diameter, and a higher thousand-seedweight compared to the control. The best biometric parameterswere predominantly observed at plant densities of45–55 thousand plants per hectare, whereas increasing theplant density to 65 thousand per hectare led to a declinein these parameters in sunflower hybrids SY Theos, Evan,and Oklahoma.
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