BIOENERGETIC EFFICIENCY OF MAIZE GRAIN CULTIVATION DEPENDING ON MINERAL FERTILIZATION SYSTEMS AND THE USE OF GROWTH STIMULANTS
Abstract
The article presents the results of a study on the bioenergetic efficiency of maize grain cultivation depending on mineral fertilization systems and the use of growth stimulants under the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The relevance of the study is обусловлена необхідністю підвищення ефективності використання енергетичних ресурсів у технологіях вирощування сільськогосподарських культур та оптимізації співвідношення між витраченою та акумульованою енергією в урожаї. The aim of the research was to determine the influence of different mineral nutrition systems (Polifoska 8:24:24, UAN 150 and 300 kg/ha) and growth stimulants (Sterk BIO, AMINO) on yield formation, energy indicators, and to identify the most effective technological option for maize hybrid cultivation. The research methods included field experiments conducted in 2023–2025 on podzolized chernozem soils using a calculated method of bioenergetic evaluation. The results showed that increasing the level of mineral nutrition and the use of growth stimulants ensured an increase in yield by 1.5–2.5 t/ha compared to the control. The highest yield (12.98 t/ha), energy output (205,603.2 MJ/ha), energy gain (135,909.2 MJ/ha), and energy efficiency coefficient (2.95) were obtained for the Oltenio hybrid with the application of Polifoska 8:24:24 + UAN 300 kg/ha and double treatment with the AMINO growth stimulant. For the Pioneer 8834 hybrid, the maximum values were 12.32 t/ha, 195,148.8 MJ/ha, and an energy efficiency coefficient of 2.87. The lowest values (yield 10.12 t/ha, coefficient 2.64) were recorded in variants without the use of growth stimulants. The structure of energy costs showed that the largest share is attributed to fixed assets (62%), while material resources (seeds, fertilizers, plant protection products) account for 23%, fuel and energy resources – 12%, labor – 2%, and other costs – 1%. Conclusions. The generalization of the results indicates that an increase in energy inputs is accompanied by a more intensive accumulation of energy in the yield, which ensures an increase in energy efficiency. The most effective is the application of комплексного мінерального живлення у поєднанні зі стимуляторами росту, що дозволяє досягти енергоємності продукції на рівні 5369 МДж/т та енергетичного коефіцієнта до 2.95. The obtained results can be used to optimize maize cultivation technologies and improve their energy and economic efficiency.
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