Agrobiological aspects of broomcorn cultivation in Ukraine and the world

Abstract

The purpose. Summarizing the current state of broomcorn (Sorghum vulgare var. technicum) cultivation in Ukraine and worldwide, analyzing the agrobiological, economic, and technological aspects of its farming, as well as identifying the main trends, challenges, and development prospects of the industry. Results. The cultivation of broomcorn is highly relevant in the context of addressing several key scientific and practical challenges related to adapting agriculture to climate change, searching for alternative sources of industrial raw materials, and diversifying production within the agricultural sector. This article highlights the agrobiological features of broomcorn cultivation as a promising crop in Ukraine and worldwide. The morphological and biological properties of the plant are examined, specifically its powerful root system, high drought and heat resistance, and its ability to utilize mois-ture efficiently and produce yields even under unfavorable soil and climatic conditions. It has been established that sorghum is among the most adaptive crops, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, where it is utilized for fodder, technical, and industrial purposes. The global experience of sorghum cultivation has been analyzed, particularly in countries such as Brazil, Nigeria, China, and Australia, as well as the region of South America, which are the leaders in production volumes. It has been established that the increase in crop yields worldwide is achieved through the implementation of adaptive varieties and the improvement of cultivation technologies, with the average yield in leading countries exceeding 4 t/ha. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of broomcorn cultivation in Ukraine. It has been determined that under climate change conditions, the crop is gaining increasing importance due to its high drought adaptability and low soil requirements. The importance of selecting appropriate varieties, optimal sowing dates, seeding rates, and fertilization systems to realize the genetic potential of the crop is substantiated. It has been established that the implementation of modern agrotechnologies is a key factor in increasing yields, which in Ukraine currently remain below global averages. The prospects for developing broomcorn cultivation are summarized, highlighting it as an economically viable, environmentally sustainable, and multifunctional crop capable of ensuring stable production under global climate change conditions. Conclusion. Given global climate challenges and the need for stable agricultural production, broomcorn holds significant potential as a strategic crop for ensuring food and economic security. The research findings can be utilized by scientists, agronomists, and agricultural producers to improve broomcorn cultivation technologies and enhance its competitiveness in both domestic and international markets.