Autumn formation of agrophytocenosis and winter hardiness of winter rapeseed hybrids in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine
Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of the study was to determine the peculiarities of field emergence, plant density, productive soil moisture reserves, morphometric parameters and overwintering of Inv1177 and Inv1188 winter rapeseed hybrids under variable hydrothermal conditions of the autumn growing season in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The study was carried out in 2023–2025 in the Northern Steppe zone of Ukraine. The amount of precipitation from sowing to the end of autumn vegetation, the sum of effective temperatures above +5 °C, the duration of the autumn period, field emergence, plant density, productive moisture reserves in the 0–100 cm soil layer, plant height, root length, air-dry plant weight, root collar diameter and height, and plant survival after winter were evaluated. Data processing included mean values, relative differences between hybrids and coefficients of variation. Results. The most variable factor of autumn development was the productive moisture reserve at sowing, which ranged from 21.1 to 40.1 mm. The highest field emergence of both hybrids was recorded in 2024: 92% for Inv1177 and 90% for Inv1188. In 2025, despite the highest total precipitation during the autumn period, the decrease in pre-sowing soil moisture to 21.1 mm was accompanied by the lowest field emergence, reduced stand density and weaker morphological development of plants. On average, Inv1177 exceeded Inv1188 in field emergence, autumn plant density, air-dry weight, root collar diameter and actual plant density after winter. Conclusions. Inv1177 showed better adaptability to the conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine in terms of the complex of autumn development traits and preservation of stand density after winter. For practical winter rapeseed production, it is important to assess not only the percentage of overwintering but also the initial autumn stand density, root system development and productive soil moisture at sowing.
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