Productivity of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) under biologized growing technology in the South of Ukraine
Abstract
Purpose. The development of the basic elements of the technology of the cultivation of new asparagus hybrids under drip irrigation in the south of Ukraine is the purpose of research. Methods. We used general scientific methods: field, laboratory, measurement and calculation, comparative, mathematical-statistical and system analysis. Results. The research showed that success in growing seedlings of the three hybrids studied was 99–100%. 71–78% of plants are preserved in the eighth year of cultivation under the raisedbed cultivation method. The use of black polystyrene mulch for mulching rows in the spring allows the harvest to begin 7–8 days earlier than without mulching. With mulching, the yield of early crops increases by 19-22%. The ‘Baklim’ hybrid had the highest yield (5.92 t/ha). The yield of marketable shoots of ‘Grolim’ hybrid was 5.38 t/ha and for the ‘Gijnlim’ hybrid was 4.93 t/ha. The age of the plantation, morphological features, adaptive potential of the tested hybrids, and elements of growing technology have the greatest influence on the formation of plant productivity. Based on the results of the correlation and regression analysis, a directly proportional correlation was found between yield per unit area and the number of marketable shoots (r = 0.9), the weight of marketable shoots (r = 0.92), the thickness of marketable shoots (r = 0.82), plant height (r = 0.71), and the number of generative stems of asparagus at the end of the growing season of the previous year (r = 0.72). The application of the liquid form of the bio-organic preparation Gumifriend (1.5 l/ha) together with watering from a drip irrigation system increases plant productivity by 19,9% and improves the quality of commercial asparagus spears. The mulching of garden beds during the first 10 days of March start harvesting by 7–8 days earlier than without mulching and increases the yield of early produce by 19–22%. The highest amount of dry matter was found in shoots of the ‘Bucklim’ hybrid. The ‘Grolim’ hybrid showed the highest levels of total sugar and ascorbic acid. Conclusions. The hybrid “Baklim” showed the highest yield, exceeding that of the “Gijnlim” hybrid by 20.1%. The application of the microbial preparation Gumifriend and mulching of the beds resulted in the highest yield of shoots and improved quality of early asparagus crops.
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