Efficiency of cotton growing technology under film covering conditions
Keywords:
film mulching, cotton, optimization of water and temperature regimes of the soil
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a strategically important thermophilic industrial crop that is a source of high-quality fiber and valuable oilseeds. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of film covering and optimized irrigation regimes on the growth, development, duration of the growing season and yield of cotton based on the analysis of literary sources. Methods. Analysis of the achievements of world scientists in the field of using film for cotton crops. Results. One of the key limiting factors in cotton growing is the influence of low temperatures, which act as a powerful abiotic stressor. Under conditions of cold stress, an imbalance of active oxygen species occurs, the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus is disrupted, physiological and biochemical processes are inhibited, which leads to a slowdown in plant growth and development and, as a result, a decrease in yield and deterioration of product quality. This problem becomes particularly relevant in the conditions of the Steppe of Ukraine, which is located in the zone of the northern border of cotton cultivation. The introduction of mulching technology, in particular, growing crops under polymer film shelters, is an effective agrotechnical measure to eliminate the negative impact of abiotic stress factors. The use of film materials provides an increase in the temperature regime of the soil, moisture conservation, optimization of the water balance, contributes to the acceleration of growth processes, the formation of an earlier harvest and increased efficiency of water resources use. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of modern research, it was found that the use of film mulching in combination with drip irrigation contributes to the improvement of the temperature and water regimes of the soil, the activation of growth processes of cotton plants, the reduction of the duration of the growing season and the increase in yield. It has also been proven to increase the efficiency of water use in conditions of limited water resources.
References
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39. Mo F., Mo F., Li X., et al. Alternating small and large ridges with full film mulching increase linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) productivity and economic benefit in a rainfed semiarid environment. Field Crops Research. 2018. 219, 120–130. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/J.FCR.2018.01.036.
40. Fu W., Fan J., Hao M. D., et al. Evaluating the effects of plastic film mulching patterns on cultivation of winter wheat in a dryland cropping system on the Loess Plateau, China. Agric. Water Manag. 2021. 244, 106550. 10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106550. DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106550.
41. GaoY., Li Y., Wang Y., et al. Effect of different film color mulching on dry matter and grain yield of oil flax in dryland. Oil Crop Science. 2020. Vol. 5(2)., P. 17-22/ https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ocsci.2020.04.003.
42. Yang Z., Hu Y., Zhao Y., et al. Effects of film mulching on cotton yield and water use efficiency in China: a metaanalysis. Sci Rep. 2026. 8;16(1):7801. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-37124-7. PMID: 41656294; PMCID: PMC12949007.
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44. Wang H., Yin Z., Zhang L., et al. Irrigation modulates the effect of increasing temperatures under climate change on cotton production of drip irrigation under plastic film mulching in southern Xinjiang. Front. Plant Sci. 2022. 13:1069190. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1069190.
45. Nie T. Z., Tang Y., Jiao Y., et al. Effects of irrigation schedules on maize yield and water use efficiency under future climate scenarios in heilongjiang province based on the AquaCrop model. Agronomy. 2022. 12, 810. doi: 10.3390/agronomy12040810.
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47. Anwa R. M. R., Wang B., Liu D. L. et al. Late planting has great potential to mitigate the effects of future climate change on Australian rain-fed cotton. Sci. Total Environ.2020. 714, 136806. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136806.
48. Irmak S., Sandhu R., Kukal M. S. Multi-model projections of trade-offs between irrigated and rainfed maize yields under changing climate and future emission scenarios. Agric. Water Manage. 2022. 261, 107344. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107344.
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52. Li N., Lin H., Wang T., et al. Impact of climate change on cotton growth and yields in xinjiang, China. Field Crops Res. 2020. 247, 107590. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2019.107590
2. Li W., Wang Z., Zhang J., Zong R. Soil salinity variations and cotton growth under long-term mulched drip irrigation in saline-alkali land of arid oasis. Irrig. Sci. 2021. 40, 103–113. DOI:10.1007/s00271-021-00749-9.
3. Wu Y., Zhao W., Meng Y., et al. Relationships between temperature-light meteorological factors and seedcotton biomass per boll at different boll positions. J. Integr. Agric. 2018. 17, 1315–1326. doi: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61820-3.
4. Yang S., Chen X., Yan L., Jiang D. Performance of three different spades for residual plastic film recycling machine. Appl. Eng. Agric. 2020. 36, 187–195. doi: 10.13031/aea.13368.
5. Can H., Wang X., Wang S., et al. Impact of agricultural residual plastic film on the growth and yield of dripirrigated cotton in arid region of Xinjiang, China. Int. J. Agr. Biol. Eng. 2020. 13, 160–169. doi: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20201301.5084.
6. Tan Q., Yang L., Wei F., Chen Y., Li J. Comparative life cycle assessment of polyethylene agricultural mulching film and alternative options including different end-of-life routes. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2023. 178:113239. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2023.113239.
7. Bandopadhyay S., Liquet y González J. E., Henderson K. B., et al. Soil microbial communities associated with biodegradable plastic mulch films. Front. Microbiol. 2020. 11:587074. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.587074.
8. Sintim H. Y., Flury M. Is biodegradable plastic mulch the solution to agriculture’s plastic problem? Environ. Sci. Technol. 2017. 51:1068–1069. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06042.
9. Sintim H. Y., Bary A. I., Hayes D. G., et al. In situ degradation of biodegradable plastic mulch films in compost and agricultural soils. Sci. Total Environ. 2020. 727:138668. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138668.
10. Kim S. J., Shim J-Y., Park K. M., et al. Comparison of decomposition of biodegradable mulching films under variable soil microbial conditions. Front. Microbiol. 2025. 16:1674576. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1674576
11. Ma Z., Liu J., Wen Y., et al. Effects of Different Film Types on Cotton Growth and Yield under Drip Irrigation. Sustainability. 2024. 16(10):4173. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/su16104173.
12. Zong R., Wang Z., Zhang J., Li W. The response of photosynthetic capacity and yield of cotton to various mulching practices under drip irrigation in Northwest China. Agric. Water Manag. 2021. 249, 106814. DOI:10.1016/j.agwat.2021.106814.
13. Chen W., Jin M., Ferre T.P.A., et al. Soil conditions affect cotton root distribution and cotton yield under mulched drip irrigation. Field Crops Res. 2020. 249, 107743. DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107743.
14. Hu C., Wang X., Wang S., et al. Impact of agricultural residual plastic film on the growth and yield of dripirrigated cotton in arid region of Xinjiang, China. Int. J. Agric. Biol. Eng. 2020. 13, 160–169. DOI:10.25165/j.ijabe.20201301.508.
15. Li Y., Zhao C., Yan C., et al. Effects of agricultural plastic film residues on transportation and distribution of water and nitrate in soil. Chemosphere. 2020. 242, 125131. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125131. Epub 2019.
16. Wang X., Qiao D., Chen Y., et al. Effects of long-term film mulching on the characteristics of soil residual film in topsoil layer of maize planted in northern China. Fresenius Environ. Bull. 2022. 31, 2881–2888.
17. Zhang Z., Zhang L., Tian H., et al. Photosynthetic characteristics of cotton are enhanced by altering the timing of mulch film removal. J Cotton Res. 2021. 4, 17. https://doi.org/ 10.1186/s42397-021-00091-7.
18. Jiang Z., Wang Q., Ning S., et al. Growth and Yield Response and Water Use Efficiency of Cotton under Film-Mulched Drip Irrigation to Magnetized Ionized Water and Bacillus subtilis in Saline Soil in Xinjiang. Agronomy. 2023. 13(6):1644. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/agronomy13061644.
19. Ning S., Chen C., Zhou B., Wang Q. Evaluation of normalized root length density distribution models. Field Crops Res. 2019. 242, 107604. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.fcr.2019.107604.
20. Ning S., Zhou B., Shi J., Wang Q. Soil water/salt balance and water productivity of typical irrigation schedules for cotton under film mulched drip irrigation in northern Xinjiang. Agric. Water Manag. 2021. 245, 106651. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106651.
21. Zhang T., Zhai Y., Ma X., et al. Towards environmental sustainability: Life cycle assessment-based water footprint analysis on China’s cotton production. J. Clean. Prod. 2021. 313:127925. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127925.
22. Kamble Z., Behera B. K. Upcycling textile wastes: Challenges and innovations. Text. Prog. 2021. 53:65–122. doi: 10.1080/ 00405167.2021.1986965.
23. Zhang Z., Rumi S. S., Lucia L. A., Abidi N. Waste treat waste: Alginate calcium versus alginate acid gels in upcycling waste cotton linter as composite biosorbent. Ind. Crops Prod. 2023. 205:117512. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.117512.
24. Zhang Z., Rumi S. S., Lucia L. A., Abidi N. Transforming low-quality cotton fibers into dye adsorbents. Environ. Chem. Lett. 2024:1–7. doi: 10.1007/s10311-023-01692-1.
25. Wang C., Su J., Liu T. A sustainable strategy to transform cotton waste into renewable cellulose fiber self-reinforcing composite paper. J. Clean. Prod. 2023. 429:139567. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.139567.
26. Fan W., Wang Q., Rong K. et al. MXene enhanced 3D needled waste denim felt for high-performance flexible supercapacitors. Nano-Micro Lett. 2024. 16:36. doi: 10.1007/s40820-023-01226-y.
27. Zhou C., Girouard F., O’Brien B., et al. Construction of chevaux-de-frise from cellulose nanocrystals to enable mechano-bactericidal activity on recycled waste cotton films. Green Chem. 2022. 24:1109–1113. doi: 10.1039/D2GC00073C.
28. Gao W., Tu Q., Wang P., et al. Conductive Polymer/Nanocellulose Composites as a Functional Platform for Electronic Devices: A Mini-Review. Polym. Rev. 2023. 64:162–191. doi: 10.1080/ 15583724.2023.2220018.
29. Demirci S., Sahiner M., Rumi S. S., et al. The Use of Low-Quality Cotton-Derived Cellulose Films as Templates for In Situ Conductive Polymer Synthesis as Promising Biomaterials in Biomedical Applications. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering. 2024. Vol. 310(1).2400246. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/mame.202400246.
30. Rumi S. S., Liyanage S., Abidi N. Conversion of low-quality cotton to bioplastics. Cellulose. 2021. 28:2021–2038. doi: 10.1007/s10570-020-03661-1.
31. Erdal N. B., Hakkarainen M. Degradation of cellulose derivatives in laboratory, man-made, and natural environments. Biomacromolecules. 2022. 23:2713–2729. doi: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00336.
32. Técher D., Aran D., Silva M.D., et al. Field evaluation of the cotton-strip assay for quantifying decomposition rates in extensive green roof substrates. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2024. Vol. 94. 128292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128292.
33. Rumi S.S., Liyanage S., Zhang Z., Abidi N. Upcycling Low-Quality Cotton Fibers into Mulch Gel Films in a Fast Closed Carbon Cycle. Gels. 2024. 23;10(4):218. doi: 10.3390/gels10040218. PMID: 38667637; PMCID: PMC11049410.
34. Singh K., Dhillon B. S., Limba V. Effect of Mulching on Growth and Productivity of Bt Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 2021. Vol. 10(01). https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1001.304.
35. Tan S., Wang Q., Zhang J., et al. Performance of AquaCrop model for cotton growth simulation under film-mulched drip irrigation in southern Xinjiang, China. Agricultural Water Management. 2018. 196(8):99-113. DOI:10.1016/j.agwat.2017.11.001.
36. Yang Z., Hu Y., Zhao Y., et al. Effects of film mulching on cotton yield and water use efficiency in China: a metaanalysis. Sci Rep. 2026. 8;16(1):7801. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-37124-7. PMID: 41656294; PMCID: PMC12949007.
37. Hu Y., Zhao Y., Li L., et al. Effects of film mulching on cotton yield and water use efficiency in China: a metaanalysis. cts of film mulching on cotton yield and water use efficiency in China: a meta-analysis. Scientific Reports.2026. 16(1). DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-37124-7
38. Sun D., Li H., Wang E., et al. An overview of the use of plastic-film mulching in China to increase crop yield and water-use efficiency. Natl Sci Rev. 2020.2;7(10):1523-1526. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa146.
39. Mo F., Mo F., Li X., et al. Alternating small and large ridges with full film mulching increase linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) productivity and economic benefit in a rainfed semiarid environment. Field Crops Research. 2018. 219, 120–130. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/J.FCR.2018.01.036.
40. Fu W., Fan J., Hao M. D., et al. Evaluating the effects of plastic film mulching patterns on cultivation of winter wheat in a dryland cropping system on the Loess Plateau, China. Agric. Water Manag. 2021. 244, 106550. 10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106550. DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106550.
41. GaoY., Li Y., Wang Y., et al. Effect of different film color mulching on dry matter and grain yield of oil flax in dryland. Oil Crop Science. 2020. Vol. 5(2)., P. 17-22/ https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ocsci.2020.04.003.
42. Yang Z., Hu Y., Zhao Y., et al. Effects of film mulching on cotton yield and water use efficiency in China: a metaanalysis. Sci Rep. 2026. 8;16(1):7801. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-37124-7. PMID: 41656294; PMCID: PMC12949007.
43. Ermatov Q., Bekkulov B., Ibragimdjanov B., et al. Results of a study on the mechanization of photodegradable film application in cotton crops. AIP Conf. Proc.2025. Vol. 3268(1). 3268, 040015. https://doi.org/ 10.1063/5.0257480.
44. Wang H., Yin Z., Zhang L., et al. Irrigation modulates the effect of increasing temperatures under climate change on cotton production of drip irrigation under plastic film mulching in southern Xinjiang. Front. Plant Sci. 2022. 13:1069190. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1069190.
45. Nie T. Z., Tang Y., Jiao Y., et al. Effects of irrigation schedules on maize yield and water use efficiency under future climate scenarios in heilongjiang province based on the AquaCrop model. Agronomy. 2022. 12, 810. doi: 10.3390/agronomy12040810.
46. Dubey S. K., Sharma D. Assessment of climate change impact on yield of major crops in the banas river basin, India. Sci. Total Environ.2018. 635, 10–19. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.343.
47. Anwa R. M. R., Wang B., Liu D. L. et al. Late planting has great potential to mitigate the effects of future climate change on Australian rain-fed cotton. Sci. Total Environ.2020. 714, 136806. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136806.
48. Irmak S., Sandhu R., Kukal M. S. Multi-model projections of trade-offs between irrigated and rainfed maize yields under changing climate and future emission scenarios. Agric. Water Manage. 2022. 261, 107344. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107344.
49. Alizadeh M. R., Adamowski J., Nikoo M. R., et al. A century of observations reveals increasing likelihood of continental-scale compound dry-hot extremes. Sci. Adv. 2020.6, aaz4571. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz4571.
50. Rashid M., Jabloun M. А., Andersen M. N., et al. Climate change is expected to increase yield and water use efficiency of wheat in the north China plain. Agric. Water Manage. 2019. 222, 193–203. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2019.06.004.
51. Alvar-Beltrán J., Heureux A., Soldan R., et al. Assessing the impact of climate change on wheat and sugarcane with the AquaCrop model along the indus river basin, Pakistan. Agric. Water Manage. 2021.253, 106909. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2021.106909
52. Li N., Lin H., Wang T., et al. Impact of climate change on cotton growth and yields in xinjiang, China. Field Crops Res. 2020. 247, 107590. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2019.107590
Published
2026-10-21
Section
MELIORATION, ARABLE FARMING, HORTICULTURE
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
