WINTER PEA AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO SPRING PEA UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS: THE ROLE OF TILLAGE SYSTEMS IN PRODUCTIVITY FORMATION
Keywords:
winter pea, tillage, field emergence, farming systems, crop protection system, sowing dates, yield
Abstract
The aim. To conduct an analytical review of contemporaryscientific studies on the cultivation of winter pea(Pisum sativum L.) under climate change conditions,with an emphasis on the impact of different primarytillage systems (conventional and alternative technologies)on weed infestation levels and crop productivity.Results. The article examines the prospects of winter peacultivation as an alternative to spring pea under climatechange conditions, particularly in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe and southern regions of Ukraine. The influenceof tillage systems, sowing dates, varietal characteristics,and agronomic practices on crop yield formation isanalyzed. The results of studies conducted by Ukrainianand foreign researchers on the adaptability of winter peato autumn-winter weather and climatic conditions, itsability to use accumulated soil moisture more efficiently,and avoid temperature stresses during critical growthand development stages are summarized. It has beenestablished that winter pea forms in many cases provide higher or more stable yields compared with spring formsdue to earlier development and a longer growing period.It is shown that the tillage system has the most significanteffect on yield level and biological nitrogen fixation.Conventional tillage often ensures higher yields due toimproved soil structure, enhanced water infiltration, andincreased moisture accumulation, whereas minimum andno-till systems contribute to greater environmental sustainabilityand nitrogen fixation by root nodule bacteria ofpea plants, but may increase weed infestation. Conclusions.The feasibility of implementing integrated cultivationtechnologies combining optimal sowing dates, adaptedvarieties, tillage systems, and effective weed control issubstantiated. Winter pea is a promising crop for adaptingagricultural production to climate change and improvingthe stability of grain legume production in Ukraine.
References
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9. Deibert, E. J., & Utter, J. T. (2004). Pea growth in different tillage systems. Field Crops Research, 89(2-3), 211–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2004.01.002
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22. Koike, T., Masuda, K., & Tanaka, S. (1996). Winter pea as a cover crop in temperate farming systems. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 42(1), 89–95.
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27. Maqbool, M., El-Hassan, M., & Malik, Z. (2010). Temperature effects on flowering and pod formation in peas. Field Crops Research, 116(1), 28–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2009.10.013
28. Mikić, A., Mitić, S., & Tanasijević, L. (2011). Winter peas in Serbia: Advancements in autumn sowing of legume crops. Field Crops Research, 126(3), 277–283.
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30. Morris, N. L., Miller, P. C. H., Orson, J. H., & Froud-Williams, R. J. (2010). The adoption of non-inversion tillage systems in the United Kingdom and the agronomic impact on soil, crops and the environment-A review. Soil and Tillage Research, 108, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2010.03.002
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35. Rubiales, D., Fernández-Aparicio, M., & Sillero, J. C. (2009). The potential for winter pea cultivation in Mediterranean environments. Field Crops Research, 110(1), 1–7.
36. Rudenko, V. (2023). Porivnialna produktyvnist sortiv ozymoho ta yaroho horokhu zalezhno vid normy vysivu v umovakh Pivdennoho Stepu Ukrainy [Comparative productivity of winter and spring pea varieties depending on the seeding rate in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine]: avtoref. dys. ... doktora filosofii. Odesa : Odeskyi derzhavnyi ahrarnyi universytet. [in Ukrainian].
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38. Santín-Montanyá, M. I., Zambrana, E., Fernández-Getino, A. P., & Tenorio, J. L. (2014). Dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) yielding and weed infestation response, under different tillage conditions. Crop Protection, 65, 122-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2014.07.003
39. Schillinger, W. F. (2017). The potential of winter pea in the Pacific Northwest crop rotation system. Crop Science, 57(6), 2417–2426.
40. Siczek, A., et al. (2013). Soil compaction and its effects on pea growth and nitrogen fixation. Soil and Tillage Research, 133, 100–110.
41. Soane, B. D., Ball, B. C., Arvidsson, J., Basch, G., Moreno, F., & Roger-Estrade, J. (2012). No-till in northern, western and south-western Europe: A review of problems and opportunities for crop production and the environment. Soil and Tillage Research, 118, 66–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.10.015
42. Derzhavna sluzhba statystyky Ukrainy. (2015–2020). Posivni ploshchi silskohospodarskykh kultur za katehoriiamy hospodarstv: forma No. 4-sgh (richna): statystychni biuleteni [Sown areas of agricultural crops by category of farms: Form No. 4-sgh (annual): Statistical bulletins]. Derzhavna sluzhba statystyky Ukrainy. https://ukrstat.gov.ua/. [in Ukrainian].
43. Vocanson, A., & Jeuffroy, M.-H. (2008). Agronomic performance of different pea cultivars under various sowing periods and contrasting soil structures. Agronomy Journal, 100(3), 748–759. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2005.0301
44. Wózniak, A. (2013). The yielding of pea (Pisum sativum L.) under different tillage conditions. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura, 12, 133–141.
45. Yermolaiev, V. M., & Gamajunova, V. V. (2024). Modern trends in pea cultivation in Ukraine and the world. Taurian Scientific Herald, 1(136), 106–115. https://doi.org/10.32782/2226-0099.2024.136.1.15
2. Berg, J. D., & Lynd, L. R. (1985). The Austrian winter pea: A review of its adaptation, agronomy, and potential for use in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Field Crops Research, 11(1), 61–71.
3. Boychenko, S., Voloshchuk, V., Movchan, Y., Serdjuchenko, N., Pogorilyy, L., Tkachenko, V., & Tyshchenko, O. (2023). Features of climate change on Ukraine: Scenarios, consequences for nature and agroecosystems. Proceedings of National Aviation University, Advances in Aerospace Technology. https://doi.org/10.18372/2306-1472.69.11061
4. Bozoglu, H., Peksen, E., & Gulumser, A. (2007). Theeffects of sowing time on pod and seed yield and some plant characteristics of pea cultivars grown for fresh consumption. Journal of Agronomy, 6(4), 636–640.
5. Bourion, V., Dumas, B., & Coudret, A. (2003). Cold acclimation in pea: Physiological and biochemical mechanisms. Field Crops Research, 82(1), 65–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(03)00088-X
6. Carr, P. M., et al. (2009). Effect of tillage on pea yield and nitrogen fixation in a semiarid environment. Field Crops Research, 114(3), 325–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. fcr.2009.07.012
7. Chen, X. P., Liao, Y. C., & Zhang, L. Y. (2006). Performance of winter and spring peas in the Northern Great Plains of the U.S. Field Crops Research, 97(3), 213-218.
8. Clayton, G. W., Middleton, A. B., Solberg, E. D., DeMulder, J., Flore, N., & Bremer, E. (2001). Response of pea to rhizobia inoculation and starter nitrogen in Alberta. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 81(4), 637–643. https://doi.org/10.4141/P02-089
9. Deibert, E. J., & Utter, J. T. (2004). Pea growth in different tillage systems. Field Crops Research, 89(2-3), 211–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2004.01.002
10. Duzdemir, O., et al. (2009). Tolerance of pea cultivars to salinity. Field Crops Research, 112(2-3), 267–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2009.05.010
11. Faligowska, A., Kalembasa, S., Kalembasa, D., Panasevich, K., Szymańska, G., Ratajczak, K., & Skśrypczak, G. (2022). The nitrogen fixation and yielding of pea in different soil tillage systems. Agronomy, 12(2), Article 352. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020352
12. Gajda, A. M., Przewłoka, B., & Gawryjołek, K. (2013). Changes in soil quality associated with tillage system applied. International Agrophysics, 27, 133–141. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10247-013-0022-4
13. Gan, Y., et al. (2003). Influence of plant population density on the yield of field pea. Field Crops Research, 83(2-3), 209–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(03)00126-X
14. Hakl, J., Vyhnalek, V., & Zapletal, J. (2011). The role of winter peas in cover crop mixtures in the Czech Republic. Soil & Tillage Research, 113(2), 134–141.
15. Hamaiunova, V., Tuz, M., Bazalii, S., Shyn, Ye., & Hlushko, T. (2019). The effect of growth-regulating preparations on the yield formation of leguminous crops under conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. Moldova Ştiinţa Agricolă, (1), 34–40.
16. Hanhur, V.V., & Yeremko, L.S. (2015). Vplyv elementiv tekhnolohii vyroshchuvannia na produktyvnist horokhu v umovakh Livoberezhnoho Lisostepu Ukrainy [Influence of cultivation technology elements on pea productivity under the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine]. Visnyk Instytutu silskoho hospodarstva stepovoi zony NAAN Ukrainy, 9, 40–48. [in Ukrainian]
17. Hebblethwaite, P. D., & McGowan, M. (1980). The effects of soil compaction on pea growth and yield. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 31(11), 1131–1138. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740311103
18. Johnston, A., & Stevenson, W. (2001). Pea seedling emergence under varying sowing depths. Crop Science, 41(1), 47–52. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2001.41147x
19. Kaiser, B. N., Evans, H. J., & Sulieman, S. (2005). Molybdenum in legume nitrogen fixation. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 41(3), 161–167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-004-0870-2
20. Khan, A., et al. (2010). Effects of early sowing on pea yield in semi-arid regions. Field Crops Research, 115(1), 15–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2009.09.014
21. Knott, D. R., & Belcher, W. R. (1998). Winter peas: Agronomy and yield potential in the United Kingdom. Field Crops Research, 58(1), 87–94.
22. Koike, T., Masuda, K., & Tanaka, S. (1996). Winter pea as a cover crop in temperate farming systems. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 42(1), 89–95.
23. Lafond, G. P., & Pageau, D. (2010). Fertilizer recommendations for field peas. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 90(2), 211–218. https://doi.org/10.4141/CJPS09156
24. Legrand, J., Dumas, B., & Haug, S. (2013). Correlation between cysteine and methionine production and cold tolerance in pea. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 90, 37–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2013.01.004
25. Liu, Q., Zhang, H., & Li, S. (2017). Field evaluation of winter pea varieties in Northern China for cold tolerance. Field Crops Research, 212, 123–130.
26. Małecka-Jankowiak, I., Blecharczyk, A., Świderska, D., Sawinska, Z., & Piechota, T. (2016). The effect of longterm tillage systems on some soil properties and yield of pea (Pisum sativum L.). Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura, 15, 37–50.
27. Maqbool, M., El-Hassan, M., & Malik, Z. (2010). Temperature effects on flowering and pod formation in peas. Field Crops Research, 116(1), 28–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2009.10.013
28. Mikić, A., Mitić, S., & Tanasijević, L. (2011). Winter peas in Serbia: Advancements in autumn sowing of legume crops. Field Crops Research, 126(3), 277–283.
29. Ministerstvo ahrarnoi polityky ta prodovolstva Ukrainy. (2020–2025). Khid provedennia vesniano-polovykh robit v Ukraini (operatyvni dani monitorynhu) [Progress of spring fieldwork in Ukraine (operational monitoring data)]. Ministerstvo ahrarnoi polityky ta prodovolstva Ukrainy. https://minagro.gov.ua [in Ukrainian].
30. Morris, N. L., Miller, P. C. H., Orson, J. H., & Froud-Williams, R. J. (2010). The adoption of non-inversion tillage systems in the United Kingdom and the agronomic impact on soil, crops and the environment-A review. Soil and Tillage Research, 108, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2010.03.002
31. Nemecek, T., von Richthofen, J. S., Dubois, G., Casta, P., Charles, R., & Pahl, H. (2008). Environmental impacts of introducing grain legumes into European crop rotations. European Journal of Agronomy, 28(3), 380–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2007.11.004
32. Neugschwandtner, R. W., Bernhuber, A., Kammlander, S., Wagentristl, H., Klimek-Kopyra, A., & Kaul, H.-P. (2020). Yield structure components of autumn- and spring-sown pea (Pisum sativum L.). Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B-Soil & Plant Science, 70(2), 109–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2019.1676463
33. SuperAgronom.com. (2017). Ozymyi horokh uspishno perezymuvav na Zhytomyrshchyni [Winter pea successfully overwintered in Zhytomyr Region]. SuperAgronom.com. https://superagronom.com/news/665-ozimiy-goroh-uspishno-perezimuvav-na-jitomirschini [in Ukrainian].
34. Raveneau, D., Parvez, H., & Fendri, M. (2011). Temperature and germination thresholds for peas. Journal of Agricultural Science, 149(1), 135–142. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859610001112
35. Rubiales, D., Fernández-Aparicio, M., & Sillero, J. C. (2009). The potential for winter pea cultivation in Mediterranean environments. Field Crops Research, 110(1), 1–7.
36. Rudenko, V. (2023). Porivnialna produktyvnist sortiv ozymoho ta yaroho horokhu zalezhno vid normy vysivu v umovakh Pivdennoho Stepu Ukrainy [Comparative productivity of winter and spring pea varieties depending on the seeding rate in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine]: avtoref. dys. ... doktora filosofii. Odesa : Odeskyi derzhavnyi ahrarnyi universytet. [in Ukrainian].
37. Sainju, U. M., Lenssen, A. W., Allen, B. L., Jabro, J. D., & Stevens, W. B. (2019). Pea growth, yield, and quality in different crop rotations and cultural practices. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment, 2(1), 180041. https://doi.org/10.2134/age2018.10.0041
38. Santín-Montanyá, M. I., Zambrana, E., Fernández-Getino, A. P., & Tenorio, J. L. (2014). Dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) yielding and weed infestation response, under different tillage conditions. Crop Protection, 65, 122-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2014.07.003
39. Schillinger, W. F. (2017). The potential of winter pea in the Pacific Northwest crop rotation system. Crop Science, 57(6), 2417–2426.
40. Siczek, A., et al. (2013). Soil compaction and its effects on pea growth and nitrogen fixation. Soil and Tillage Research, 133, 100–110.
41. Soane, B. D., Ball, B. C., Arvidsson, J., Basch, G., Moreno, F., & Roger-Estrade, J. (2012). No-till in northern, western and south-western Europe: A review of problems and opportunities for crop production and the environment. Soil and Tillage Research, 118, 66–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.10.015
42. Derzhavna sluzhba statystyky Ukrainy. (2015–2020). Posivni ploshchi silskohospodarskykh kultur za katehoriiamy hospodarstv: forma No. 4-sgh (richna): statystychni biuleteni [Sown areas of agricultural crops by category of farms: Form No. 4-sgh (annual): Statistical bulletins]. Derzhavna sluzhba statystyky Ukrainy. https://ukrstat.gov.ua/. [in Ukrainian].
43. Vocanson, A., & Jeuffroy, M.-H. (2008). Agronomic performance of different pea cultivars under various sowing periods and contrasting soil structures. Agronomy Journal, 100(3), 748–759. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2005.0301
44. Wózniak, A. (2013). The yielding of pea (Pisum sativum L.) under different tillage conditions. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura, 12, 133–141.
45. Yermolaiev, V. M., & Gamajunova, V. V. (2024). Modern trends in pea cultivation in Ukraine and the world. Taurian Scientific Herald, 1(136), 106–115. https://doi.org/10.32782/2226-0099.2024.136.1.15
Published
2026-09-23
Section
MELIORATION, ARABLE FARMING, HORTICULTURE
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
